CCMA - general patient care

shock

body does not receive enough blood flow resulting in organ damage

Steps: maintain an open airway, stop bleeding, and maintain normal body temp

vomiting

Steps: apply cold compress to patients head & intstuct to breathe deeply

syncope

lack of consciousness caused by lack of blood flow to brain

STEPS: position patient either flat on back or so their legs are higher than head, administer oxygen if available

seizure

STEPS: move patient way from dangerous items and lay on side to prevent choking

hands are visibly soiled

aseptic handwashing is required

epstein-barr virus

cause of mononucleosis

herpes simplex virus

cause of cold sores & herpes

rotavirus

virus that causes diarrhea in mainly children

poliovirus

virus that cause polio

mammogram

avoid using deodorants & lotion on the day of

98.6* F

normal body temp for a patient

gown, mask, goggles, face shield, gloves

sequence of donning PPE

electronic prescription template

includes patient name, medication name, dosage, frequency, quantity, refills, prescribing provider’s details, electronic signature

250* F / 121*C

effective sterilization in an autoclave requires minimum temp of

oral temperature

most commonly used method to record patient temperature

laceration

cut or tear in the skin

First Step: control the bleeding

chemical sterilization

always keep container lid closed to maintain sterilant effectiveness.

Instruments must be submerged for 8 hours

remove instruments with forceps

after removing should be rinsed with water

disinfection

used to clean countertops & surfaces

autoclaving & sterilization

used for medical instruments

axillary temp

measurement made at the armpit

temporal artery

designed to use on the forehead to measure temp

HPV vaccine

first dose is recommended at ages 11-12

98.2 F/ 36.8 C

axillary temp for newborns

99.7 F/ 37.6 C

tympanic temp for 1 year olds

96.8 F/ 36 C

oral temp for 70 year olds

standard precautions

protects healthcare workers & patients from exposure to infectious agents

automated external defibrillator

use in the cases of cardiac arrest can deliver electric shock to restore effective rhythm from cardiac arrest

30 days

sterilized packages are safe to use for

polio

contagious viral disease that causes muscle paralysis and weakness (was an epidemic in US before development of vaccine)

malaria

parasitic disease transmitted through bite of infected mosquitos

verify allergies

before administrations medication to a patient

hands & hair

two primary sources of contamination

rectal temperature

considered the most accurate method for measuring body temp

adding patient allergies to EHR

causes pop-up notification to alert healthcare providers

less than 18.5

underweight BMI

18.5-24.9

normal weight BMI

25-29.9

overweight BMI

30-34.9

obesity class 1 BMI

35-39.9

obesity class 2 BMI

40+

obesity class 3 BMI

measure orthostatic vital signs

if an older adult patient is experiencing episodes of dizziness

(checking bp & heart rate in various positions)

bite

immediately flush the area with water

disinfection (aseptic technique)

process of using chemical agents to kill or render pathogens inactive (not spores)

sanitization

removing and reducing most of the micro-organisms

sterilization

requires complete destruction of all forms of microbial life

20 minutes

sterilize unwrapped items for effective sterilization in an autoclave

APGAR

Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace Response (reflexes), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (breathing effort)

used to assess a newborn’s overall health after birth

APGAR 0-3

means severe distress

needs immediate resuscitation and medical care

APGAR 4-6

means moderate difficulty

needs possible intervention & close monitoring

APGAR 7-10

means normal; good health

needs routine care & observation

brachial pulse

upper arm on the inner aspect of the elbow

carotid pulse

on either side of the neck just below the angle of the jaw

radial pulse

on the thumb side of the wrist

dorsalis pedis pulse

on the top of the foot

15-20 seconds

minimum duration for hand scrubbing during handwashing for CDC

treponema pallidum

bacteria that causes syphilis

H. pylori

micro-organism that can cause stomach ulcers & cancer

streptococcus pyogenes

micro-organisms that can cause variety of infections like strep throat

vibrio cholerae

micro-organism that can cause cholera

candida albicans

micro-organism that causes thrush

campylobacter jejuni

bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal infections like diarrhea

bordetella pertussis

type of bacteria that causes whooping cough

chain of infection

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible Host

used needle

should be dropped into a sharps container needle first & without recapping

when exposed to blood during a venipuncture

immediately wash the area of exposure with soap & water

hypotension

less than 90 /or/ less than 60

normal bp

90-119 /and/ 60-79

elevated bp

120-129 /and/ less than 80

stage 1 hypertension

130 - 139 /or/ 80 - 89

stage 2 hypertension

140+ /or/ 90+

remove PPE

after disinfecting room but before exiting

crash cart

should be checked monthly and after every use for expiration dates & stock

before proceeding with sample collection

confirm the patients identity

patient faints after blood draw

put the patient in supine position to promote blood flow to brain

subjective (soap)

• chief complaint

• history of present illness

• review of systems

• allergies

• medications as reported by patient

objective (soap)

• vital signs

• physical exam findings

• lab results

• imaging results

• other diagnostic data

• medications that are verified by provider

assessment (soap)

• diagnosis

• differential diagnosis

• summary of patients health

plan (soap)

• treatment plan

• medication orders

• referrals

• follow-up recs

sanitizing

rinse under cold water

disinfecting

soaking in bleach/ wiping with instrument cavicide wipe

sterilizing

placing in an autoclave

indirect transmission

(fomite) transfer of pathogens through an intermediate object/substance

quality control for CLIA-waived tests

(simple tests with low risk of producing incorrect results)

MA should perform routine in house testing

orthostatic VS

lying 5 mins

standing 1 min

stands again 3 min

15 minutes (OSHA)

minimum recommended flushing time at an emergency eyewash according to OSHA

depth of rectal probe

½ inch - infants

5/8 inch - children

1 inch - adults

biomedical waste

should not be stored for more than 30 days

should be strong and leak proof

newborn/infant respiratory rate

30-53

toddler (1-2) respiratory rate

22-37

preschool age (3-5) respiratory rate

20-28

school age (6-15) respiratory rate

18-25

adult (15+) respiratory rate

12-20

signatura on prescription

contains provider instructions for patient (how to take medication)

subscription on prescription

provides instructions to the pharmacist

inscription on prescription

lists name of medication prescribed & dosage

vector transmission

living organisms that transfers pathogen from infected host to new host

airborne transmission

tiny liquid droplets in the air that contain pathogens

hand asepsis

before and after each patient encounter

functional status assessment

evaluate ability to perform daily activities

cognitive assessments

focus on memory and language