26. newborn and infants

health assessment

cephalocaudally

growth from central to distal

learn gross motor first and then progress to fine motors (swat the toys before being able to us their fingers to grasp toy)

infant mortality usually occurs when

the first month of life

can be due to birth defect, low birth weight, SIDS, prematurity, pregnancy complications

ABCDE

airway

breathing

circulation

disability

exposure

APGAR

appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respirations

infant respiration rate

30-60 breaths per minute

1-3 years respiration rate

24-40 BPRp

preschool aged children breaths per minute

22-34 BPR

school age 6-12 years old BPR

18-30 BPR

reflexes

rooting

babinski

sucking

grasp

moro

milestones are there as

a guide only

physical growth

begins in utero

psychosocial and cognitive development

erikson’s: trus vs mistrust

piagets: simple reflexes to coordination of vision and touch

central cyanosis

around the mouth and nose

moderate respiratory distress

nasal flaring; chest wall retractions; grunting auscultated withs tethescope

cyanosis on room air; abnormal blood gas values

severe distress

increasing work of breathing; deep retractions

audible grunting; central cyanosis

rapid progression to severe distress

requires early intervention at first sign of distress, to avert emergency resucitation, if possible