US History Quiz 10/29

Sections B and C

William Howard Taft (R; 1909-1913)

Judge, secretary of war, friend of TR

personality of Taft

calm, cautious, sensitive, reliable, hated being president

1908 election

reluctant to run but was pressured by TR and ran out of his loyalty for TR

problems with Taft

progressive policies but was often compared to TR. Did not like politics and attention

16th amendment 

federal income tax amend. (more money = more tax)

17th amendment 

direct election of senators 

Department of Labor

gov. agency that regulates working conditions, child labor, and business practices

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft claimed to make significant changes to the Tariff but only made minimal changes which angered progressives 

• progressives felt he was being too conservative 

Ballinger-Pinchott Affair

scandal over land in Alaska between members of Taft’s staff

Richard Ballinger 

secretary of interior, accused of selling land to businessmen and keeping some of the profits 

Gifford Pinchott

US forest service, complained to Taft because Ballinger broke conservation policies. he was fired by Taft for publically critizing him

insurgents

someone within a group or party (progressives who began to turn on Taft felt as if he was too conservation)

• TR disappointed in Taft and decides to run for president 

Taft (Election 1912)

ran out of spite even though he did not like being president

TR

Bull Moose Party - 3rd independent party created by TR because Republicans nominated Taft

• party supported by progressives

• was shot & still gave his speech at a campaign

Woodrow Wilson (D)

NJ governor and was new to politics

Eugene Debs

socialist party - 4th party that had support of laborers 

Result of the Election of 1912

Wilson won mainly due to the split in the votes between TR and Taft

Woodrow Wilson (D; 1913-1921)

NJ governor, college professor

Personality of Woodrow Wilson

intelligent, well spoken, distant, serious progressive

Underwood Tariff

revised the tariff + lowered it for the 1st time since the civil war

Adamson Act

called for 8 hour work day for railroad workers

Keating-Owen Act

no children under 14 could work in factories

Federal Trade Commission

regulated business practices and protects consumers 

Federal Reserve Act

revised banking system for the 1st time since Civil War

• issued paper money

• easier to get loans

• set interest rates 

Moral Diplomacy 

Wilson’s foreign policy plan of helping Democratic nations 

1914

WWI began and his focused shifted to the war

Muckrakers

writers who exposed of unpleasant problems

Upton Sinclair

wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the poor working conditions in the meat industry 

Florence Kelley

spokesperson for women’s children and workers, mainly fought for women’s voting rights and better child labor laws 

Carrie Chapman

leader of N.A.W.S.A (National American Women’s Suffrage Association) who faught for 19th amendment 

19th amend.

gave all women right to vote (1920)

W.E.B. DuBois

African American college professor who encouraged students to go to college, get more education, and try to get involved in politics

Booker T Washington

teacher and civil rights leader who encouraged students to learn trades so they could make more money and have better opportunities for themselves