Prevention education and risk factors

Empty your bladder completely

don’t hold it

Wipe front to back

prevents fecal flora (like E. coli) from reaching the urethra

Urinate and clean after intercourse

lushes bacteria introduced during activity

Drink plenty of water

dilutes urine and promotes frequent flushing

age

infants and older adults have weaker defenses

Poor nutrition

weakens immune response

Immunosuppression

steroids, chemo, HIV

Chronic disease

diabetes, kidney disease

Lifestyle

smoking, alcohol, stress, poor sleep

Invasive devices

catheters, IV lines, ventilators, wounds

Prevention education

behavior change (hydration, hygiene, voiding habits)

risk factors

host vulnerability (age, illness, devices)