Micro Test 1

Eukarya Supergroups

Excavate, SAR, Archeplastida, Unikota

3 Domains

Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya

How do prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archea) communicate?

Biofilm with quarum sensing- chemical signals across membrane

Domain bacteria

Prokaryotic w peptidoglycan walls

16s rRNA

Organized by phyla

Domain archea

Prokaryotic

Superphyla

16S rRNA

Domain Eukaya

Membrane nuclei and organelles

Only one w supergroups

18S rna ribosome

Congruent evolution examples

Brown algae (SAR) vs green and red algae (archiplastida)

Oomyctes (water mold) vs fungi

Cell walls

• Fungi hv chitlin walls

• Plants hav cellulose walls

• Bacteria have peptidglycogen walls

• Archea have glycoprotein

Limeus

Swedish physican/biologist

Named everything

Formal name

toxomomy

Fungi core phyla

Ascomycota

Basismycota

Blastoclamdiomycota

Chytriomycota

Glomeomycota

Miscrosporidiamycota

Ncocallimadtigomycota

Fungi phyla nmumonic

All big boys can grow mold naturally

Mitochondria endosymboytic origin

Double membrane

Independent DNA

Baterical ribosomes

Binary fushion

Endosymbiosis of mitochondria

Anaerobic host cell engulfed a few-living aeoric bacterium and formed mutally beneficial relationship

What is host

Archean

Asgard Archean/proto-eukarote

Structure anaerobic

What is the guest

Alpha-protobaterium

Aerobic respiration-oxygen breakdown nutrients and generate atp

Small bacteria

Trade off Archean and alpha-protobaterium

Bacteria merged w Archean and found safe sanctuary

Excavata

Asymmetrical, unicellular, feeding grove excavate anaerobic

Giraradia lamblia

Trichomanos vaginalis

Euglena

SAR stands for

stramenopiles, Alevolata, Rhizaria

Stramenopiles

Diatoms, brown algae, oomyctes

Pathogen: water mold phytophthora infestans (Irish potato famine)

Alveolata

Membrane enclosed sacs (aveoli) under plasma membrane

Tetrahymera thermophila

Pathogen: plasmodium falciparum- Malaria

Rhizara

Unicellular

Radiolarians and Forminiferans

Archeplastida

Eurkaryote engulfed photosynthesis Cyanobacteria: first chloroplast (eukaroyote and prokaryote combined)

(Green algae) chamydomonas reinhardii-model organism and potential food crop

Cephaleuros (green algae)red dust plant pathogen impacts teas and coffee

(Red algae) gracilaria- most common cultivated for agar

Unikonta

supergroup

Amoebozoa like Entameoba- causes amebic disentary

Fungus- human nutrition; secrotome of fungi=number of protiens secreted

Basidiomycota

phyla of fungi

high in protien, chitin, Vitamin D, beta-glucans

Ascomycota

phyla of fungi

yeasts and molds; rich in B-vitamins

Glomeromycota

mineral content and Phosperous and Potassium

phyla of fungi

Gutenburg printing press

1440

based on wine press

easy manufactoring

key for scientfic revolution

made bible first

Antonie van Leewenhoek

1674

devoloped microscope

Sir issac newton

1643-1727

scientific method

gravity

Louis pasteur

1822-1895

yeast= fermination

yeast could be cultivated

pasterization

Joseph Lister

1827-1912

aseptic surgical techinques

why we wash our hands

microbes cause surgical wound infections

Copernicus

scientific revolution

sun-center universe

Galileo

invention of telescope

Andreus Vesalius

human anatomy

made surgery possible

1514-1564

Gottfired Leibniz

Calculus & binary

computer science

metric system

global communication about scientic findidngs

Acelluar Classification

no ribosomes or cell membrane

no 18 rRNa no DNA

Viruses

nucleic acid + protien capsid

infect animals, plants, bateria, archea, unkonita, algae, everything

acelluar agent

rabies

Viroids

Naked RNA

plants exclussively

no protiens

acelluar agent

potato swindle

Prions

misfolded protien only

only unkonita; animals/mamamals

no DNA or RNA

Mad cow and CDJ

Molecular distance trees

BLASTN/BLASTP

SARS-COV2

used for acelluar agents for align shareed genes

NASA

national aeronautics and space administration

ELCSS

envirnmental control and life support system

BLS

Biogenerative life support system

Biowaste produces feed what to feed plant growth

carbon dioxide and recycled nutirents

Hygiene spit or swallow

oral care using toothpastw

ISS

International space station

Missing from ISS ECLSS oxygen genration subsystem

photosynthetic or biological caaytic loops

Space ecology workshop

every year

attention across the globe

LED rays in space

generate minimal heat

maximize photosynthecially active radiation

reduce electrical power consumption

Use of color gradients

microbial density hotspots

Fecel waste processing system at ILMAH

aneorbic microbial digestion coupled with an algal phototropic bioreactor

Microbal sampling done outside surfaces of ISS

yes

NASA is doing what to improve ECLSS effiency and reduncy

exploring bioreactors with microbial consortia

What to water and water no in space

they dont mix

Paradigm shift in spaceflight water systems

transitioning from total sterilization to leveraging benefical microbial consortia

Why does microgravity need constant cabin fans

no thermal convection