Agricultural Revolutions and Farming Techniques

Neolithic Revolution

The transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities.

2nd Agricultural Revolution

A period of agricultural development that began in the 18th century, characterized by innovations such as crop rotation and selective breeding.

Green Revolution

A period in the mid-20th century when agricultural production worldwide increased significantly due to new technologies, including high-yielding varieties and chemical fertilizers.

Intensive Agriculture

A farming system that aims to maximize yield per unit of land through high inputs of labor and capital.

Extensive Agriculture

A farming system that uses larger areas of land with lower inputs of labor and capital, often resulting in lower yields.

Subsistence Farming

A type of farming in which farmers grow enough food to feed themselves and their families, with little surplus for sale.

Slash and burn

A method of agriculture that involves cutting and burning forests or woodlands to create fields for cultivation.

horticulture

The art or practice of garden cultivation and management.

planation

The process of leveling land to create flat areas for agriculture.

terrace farming

An agricultural practice that involves creating flat areas on steep terrain to reduce soil erosion and manage water.

transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.

organic agriculture

A farming system that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, focusing on natural processes.

von thunen

A model that explains agricultural land use in relation to the distance from a market, emphasizing transportation costs.

bid rent

A theory that describes how the price and demand for land changes as the distance from the central business district increases.

agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.