pathology - neo. and peds. abd.

where do most malignant abdominal masses arise in infants and children?

retroperitoneal area

acute abdominal pain:

Common non-surgical condition

gastroenteritis

acute abdominal pain:

common surgical condition

appendicitis

trauma and neonates

- delivery

- resuscitation (liver or splenic injury)

common examples of trauma in Peds

- vehicular accidents

- falling

- child abuse

pancreatitis

- acute and chronic

- can cause morbidity and mortality

- enlarged pancreatic duct

what may be present in someone with pancreatitis?

- peripancreatic fluid

- fluid collections (pseudocyst)

- peripancreatic fatty infiltration

what are common causes of chronic inflammation of the pancreas

- cystic fibrosis

- fibrosing pancreatitis

- hereditary, chronic pancreatitis

- inborn errors of metabolism

splenic sequestration syndrome presents with

Rapid splenic enlargement and an acute fall in hematocrit

splenic sequestration syndrome causes

- extreme pain

- fatal if untreated

splenic sequestration syndrome in children under two

they usually have sickle cell disease

splenic sequestration syndrome in older children

usually have a blood disorder

splenic sequestration syndrome in infants

usually have Extracorporal membrane oxygenation

incidents of gallstones have increased with

obesity

Hepatobiliary disease (fatty liver) obesity may lead to

non alcoholic steatohepatitis

cirrhosis and children is divided into these categories

1. biliary

2. metabolic

3. post necrotic cirrhosis.

4. Unknown

Cholangitis

inflammation or swelling of the bile ducts

what is cholangitis associated with?

- congenital

- immune related biliary abnormalities

- immunodeficient states

cholangitis may result from

- surgery (biliary atresia)

- liver transplant

- bacterial, parasitic, viral, or fungal

when primary sclerosing cholangitis is present, what else may be present?

inflammatory bowel disease

primary sclerosing cholangitis may result in

- cirrhosis

- portal hypertension

- liver failure

cystic fibrosis and Schwachman diamond syndrome are often present with what

pancreatic lipomatosis

cystic fibrosis and Schwachman diamond syndrome: pancreatic lipomatosis results in

pancreatic insufficiency

cystic fibrosis

autosomal-recessive disease involving abnormal metabolism, affecting exocrine glands (sweat, glands, pancreatic exocrine glands) leading to increase viscosity

what does cystic fibrosis frequently affect?

biliary epithelium

what can cystic fibrosis result in?

end-stage liver cirrhosis and pancreatic atrophy

cat scratch disease

bacterial disease spread by cats when a child is scratched or bitten, often appears within one to two weeks

cat scratch disease, signs and symptoms

fever, lymphadenopathy

what is abnormal about neonatal jaundice?

persistent jaundice beyond two weeks post delivery day

what can happen if a neonatal jaundice is not treated early

cirrhosis