PEDS exam 1
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191 Terms
What is culturally sensitive care?
Providing care that respects the client's cultural beliefs, values, family roles, and preferences.
What should a nurse assess when providing culturally sensitive care?
Beliefs about illness, treatment, childbirth, and family roles.
What should nurses avoid when caring for families?
Making assumptions about parenting practices, family structure, gender, relationships, or birth preferences.
What is cultural competence?
The ability to provide care that respects cultural differences and includes the client's cultural preferences.
What is cultural awareness?
Recognizing and examining your own beliefs, values, and possible biases.
Why should nurses examine their own biases?
Bias can lead to stereotyping and unequal or inappropriate care.
How should a nurse learn about a client's cultural preferences?
Ask the client directly instead of assuming.
What should the nurse ask about before examinations or interviews?
Any cultural preferences or restrictions.
What is an important part of respectful maternity care?
Awareness, mutual respect, shared decision-making, informed consent, autonomy, dignity, and accountability.
Who should be used as an interpreter?
A professional medical interpreter.
Should family members or children be used as interpreters?
No.
Who should the nurse speak to when an interpreter is present?
The patient or family, not the interpreter.
What communication adjustment should the nurse make when using an interpreter?
Allow extra time and avoid long or compound questions.
What reading level should patient education generally aim for?
About a 5th- to 6th-grade reading level.
What is the teach-back method?
Asking the client to explain the information back in their own words.
Why is teach-back used?
To verify that the client actually understands the teaching.
What language should written discharge instructions be provided in?
The family's preferred language.
What determines a family structure?
Who makes up the family, their relationships, how they interact, and how they interact with the larger community.
Should nurses use one definition of family for every client?
No. Family is individualized.
What factors can influence family structure?
Culture, religion, tradition, sexuality, community, and personal preference.
What is a step-blended family?
A family formed after remarriage that can include stepparents, stepchildren, and stepsiblings.
What is a no-parent family?
Children living with grandparents, relatives, foster parents, or another kinship caregiver.
What is a binuclear family?
A child belongs to two households because of joint custody.
What are same-sex-parent families?
Families with gay or lesbian parents who may live with or without children.
What is the nurse's main approach to different family structures?
Do not judge or assume; identify who the client considers family and include them appropriately in care.
What is family-centered maternal care?
A partnership between the client, family, and health care team to set goals, share information, provide support, and plan care.
What are the 4 types of family support?
Informational, emotional, appraisal or esteem, and instrumental support.
What does family-centered care recognize about the family?
The family is a constant influence on the patient's health.
What are the core ideas of family-centered care?
Dignity and respect, information sharing, participation in care, and collaboration.
Why should the family be included in maternal care?
Family support can influence the health, coping, and outcomes of the pregnant client.
What is a social support system?
People and community resources that provide emotional, practical, educational, or social support.
Who can be part of a maternal client's social support system?
Family members, friends, coworkers, and community health workers.
Why are social support systems important during pregnancy?
They can improve access to care, nutrition, health education, coping, and prenatal care.
What should the nurse do if a pregnant client lacks support?
Assess their needs and refer them to resources such as social workers, support groups, or community outreach programs.
What can strong social support help a pregnant client obtain?
Proper nutrition, adequate prenatal care, and childbirth and parenting education.
What is a community?
A group of people who share a geographic area, interests, interactions, or common concerns.
In community-based care, what is considered the unit of service?
The community.
Does community care only focus on currently sick clients?
No. It also focuses on populations who are at risk.
What is Centering pregnancy care?
An evidence-based model where about 8 to 12 pregnant clients with similar due dates receive longer group visits plus individualized clinical care.
What topics may be discussed during Centering visits?
Labor preparation, pregnancy discomforts, symptoms, nutrition, and newborn care.
What is pediatric family-centered care?
A partnership that recognizes the family as a constant in the child's life and an important part of the health care team.
How can the nurse INVITE the family into care?
Include them in rounds, planning, and bedside teaching.
What question can the nurse ask to encourage family participation?
"How would you like to be involved?"
What does INFORM mean in family-centered care?
Give clear, honest, and timely updates.
What does ACKNOWLEDGE mean?
Recognize that the family knows their child well.
What does EMPOWER mean?
Give parents and the child appropriate control and choices.
Where should the nurse position themselves when speaking with a child?
At the child's eye level.
What can nurses use to explain procedures to children?
Medical play.
Why is medical play helpful?
It makes unfamiliar equipment and procedures less frightening.
Should nurses use medical jargon with children?
No.
Why should phrases such as "put you to sleep" be avoided?
Children can interpret words literally and may become more frightened.
How should a nurse respond when a child says they are scared?
Validate the feeling and explain what will happen.
How should a nurse communicate with an infant?
Use a calm voice, gentle touch, move slowly, and respond to cues.
What is important when caring for hospitalized infants?
Consistent caregivers.
How should a nurse communicate with a toddler?
Use simple words, play, and limited choices.
What should nurses promote with toddlers?
Play and age-appropriate choices.
How should a nurse communicate with a preschooler?
Use storytelling, pretend play, and concrete explanations.
Why are concrete words important for preschoolers?
Preschoolers can interpret words literally.
What should nurses allow preschoolers to do?
Ask questions and participate in pretend play.
How should a nurse communicate with a school-age child?
Give clear, factual explanations.
What should hospitalized school-age children continue when possible?
Normal routines, activities, and tasks.
How should a nurse communicate with an adolescent?
Respect privacy and involve them in decisions.
What should the nurse offer adolescents?
Choices and involvement in their plan of care.
What question can support adolescent privacy?
"Would you like me to discuss this privately first?"
What emotions may parents experience when their child is hospitalized?
Fear, guilt, exhaustion, loss of control, and anxiety.
What may parents worry about during hospitalization?
Missing information, being excluded, or being judged by health care staff.
What should the nurse do when parents are worried?
Acknowledge their emotions.
Should the nurse minimize a parent's concerns?
No.
Why are honest updates important?
Parents value transparency and want to know what is happening.
How can nurses encourage parent participation?
Invite them to help with care when appropriate.
Why should nurses remain calm around an anxious family?
Children can mirror the anxiety of their parents.
What do parents often remember most about communication?
The nurse's tone and empathy more than the exact words used.
How should a nurse respond when parents become highly emotional or disagree?
Stay neutral and focus on the child's needs.
Should the nurse take an angry parent's behavior personally?
No.
What communication techniques help de-escalate a situation?
Calm voice and reflective listening.
Where should difficult conversations occur when possible?
In a private space.
Who may assist when family conflict is difficult to manage?
Child life specialists or social workers.
What is therapeutic communication?
Communication that helps establish a trusting, respectful relationship between the nurse and client.
What are important therapeutic communication techniques?
Active listening, open-ended questions, privacy, reflection, clarification, silence, information sharing, respect, and collaboration.
What does offering self mean?
Making yourself available to spend time with and support the client.
What is an example of an open-ended question?
"What is your biggest stressor right now?"
Is "Everything will be fine" therapeutic?
No. It is false reassurance.
Is "Let's talk more about that" therapeutic?
Yes.
Why should the nurse observe nonverbal communication?
Body language, facial expressions, and actions can reveal feelings the client does not say aloud.
How can hospitalization affect child development?
It can delay developmental milestones.
How can hospitalization affect mental health?
It can cause stress and anxiety.
What behaviors may occur because of hospitalization?
Aggression and regression.
Can stress from hospitalization cause physical symptoms even without illness?
Yes.
How can hospitalization affect recovery?
Stress and emotional problems can negatively affect recovery and health outcomes.
How may young children react to hospitalization?
More crying, irritability, clinging to caregivers, regression, and fear of punishment.
How may older children react to hospitalization?
They may become upset, sad, afraid, or regress.
How may adolescents react to hospitalization?
Anxiety, acting out, or becoming withdrawn or introverted.
What is regression?
A temporary return to behaviors from an earlier developmental stage.
What are examples of regression?
Bedwetting, thumb-sucking, and baby talk.
Why can hospitalization cause regression?
It disrupts routines and creates fear, unfamiliar surroundings, loss of control, and separation from caregivers.
Should nurses punish or shame a child for regression?
No.
What nursing actions help with regression?
Normalize the behavior, maintain routines, provide choices, encourage independence, and involve child life specialists.
What is the goal when caring for a child who regresses?
Support coping while gradually encouraging age-appropriate independence.
Who commonly experiences separation anxiety related to parents or caregivers?
Infants and toddlers.
When does separation anxiety commonly begin?
Late infancy or early toddlerhood.