Community and Public Health Nursing Lecture

Question-and-answer flashcards covering community and public-health nursing definitions, roles, levels of prevention, determinants of health, specialized fields, historical milestones, and legal responsibilities.

What is the definition of a community in public-health nursing?

A group of people living in a particular area who share common beliefs, values, and traditions and are linked by defining activities such as people, place, common characteristics, interests, goals, and interaction.

Name the 4 defining activities that characterize a community.

People

place

common characteristics/interests/goals,

and interaction.

What are the two main types of community?

1) Geopolitical community – a territorial community defined by natural or man-made boundaries. 2) Phenomenological community – a functional, relational group whose identity is based on shared culture, values, history, or interests.

Describe a geopolitical community.

A traditionally recognized territorial community formed by natural or man-made boundaries.

Describe a phenomenological community.

A functional or relational community in which membership is based on shared culture, values, history, or interests rather than geography.

Define population in the context of community health.

A group of people who share common personal or environmental characteristics; it refers to all people within a defined community.

What are aggregates?

Sub-groups within a population that share common characteristics or concerns.

State the World Health Organization’s definition of health.

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

List at least five determinants of health identified in the lecture.

Gender, income and social status, education, physical environment, employment and working conditions, social support networks, culture, genetics, personal behavior and coping skills, and access to health services.

How is nursing defined in this lecture?

The art and science of caring, assisting sick individuals to regain health and helping healthy individuals achieve optimal wellness.

What is community health nursing (CHN)?

A paramedical and medical approach concerned with the health of an entire population, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and management of factors affecting health.

State the three broad aims of community health nursing.

Health promotion, disease prevention, and management of factors affecting health.

Define health promotion.

Activities that enhance resources directed at improving well-being.

Define disease prevention.

Efforts that protect people from disease or its effects.

Name the three levels of prevention.

Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

What is primary prevention?

General health promotion and specific protection activities that prevent a problem before it occurs by reducing susceptibility or exposure.

What is secondary prevention?

Early detection of disease and prompt intervention to limit severity.

What is tertiary prevention?

Activities that reduce the effects of disease or injury and restore individuals to optimal functioning.

Define public health.

The discipline that assists every citizen to realize his or her birthright to health and longevity by organizing community efforts in areas such as environmental sanitation, communicable-infection control, personal-hygiene education, and health-service organization.

Give four traditional public-health activities mentioned in the lecture.

Environmental sanitation, control of communicable infections, education in personal hygiene, and health-service organization.

What is public health nursing?

The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using nursing, social, and public-health knowledge.

List WHO’s nine Essential Public-Health Functions highlighted in the lecture.

1) Health-situation monitoring; 2) Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention; 3) Policy development and health planning; 4) Strategic management of health systems/services; 5) Regulation and enforcement; 6) Human-resource development and planning; 7) Health promotion, social participation, and empowerment; 8) Ensuring the quality of personal and population-based services; 9) Research, development, and implementation of innovative public-health solutions.

Define community-based nursing (CBN).

Application of the nursing process to care for individuals, families, or groups where they live, work, or study, with an emphasis on managing acute and chronic conditions.

In simple terms, how do CHN and CBN differ in primary focus?

CHN focuses on the health of the entire community/population, while CBN focuses on caring for individuals and families with acute or chronic illnesses in community settings.

What is population-focused nursing?

A practice that concentrates on specific groups, emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention, considers broad determinants of health, uses all levels of prevention, and intervenes with communities, systems, and families regardless of geographic location.

What is the overarching goal of population-focused nursing?

To promote healthy communities.

List at least three elements of the mission of community health nursing.

Health promotion, health protection, health balance, disease prevention, and social justice.

As a clinician, what does a public-health nurse do?

Provides direct health care to the sick at home or in rural-health units (RHUs).

What is the role of a public-health nurse as a health educator?

Promotes health and prevents illness by disseminating correct information and educating people.

Describe the facilitator role of a public-health nurse.

Establishes multisectoral linkages using a referral system to connect clients with needed services.

What is the supervisor role of a public-health nurse?

Monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other frontline health workers.

Who assumes the Municipal Health Officer’s duties if the MHO is unavailable?

The Public Health Nurse takes charge of the MHO’s responsibilities.

Name two kinds of data required for CHN practice.

Epidemiologic knowledge about specific problems and demographic data on high-risk groups and available services/providers.

Give three examples of specialized fields of CHN in the Philippines discussed in the lecture.

Community mental-health nursing, occupational-health nursing, school-health nursing, home-health care, hospice home care, faith-community (parish) nursing, and ‘Entreprenurse’ home-health services.

What is the main purpose of the Entreprenurse initiative?

To deliver home-health-care services while reducing care costs, maximizing employment, and utilizing unemployed health-care workers.

List the eight standards of community-health nursing practice mentioned.

1) Theory application; 2) Data collection; 3) Diagnosis; 4) Planning; 5) Intervention; 6) Evaluation; 7) Quality assurance & professional development; 8) Interdisciplinary collaboration and research.

Who opened the first medical dispensary in the Philippines and when?

Friar Juan Clemente in 1579, in Intramuros, Manila.

Which law (and year) devolved health services to local government units in the Philippines?

Republic Act 7160, the Local Government Code of 1991.

In what year was the FOURmula One (F1) health reform launched?

2005.

When did the Philippines adopt Universal Health Care as a policy?

2010.

What major service-delivery initiative for ‘Kalusugan Pangkalahatan’ was introduced in 2015?

The Service Delivery Network (SDN) for universal health coverage.

Cite two additional responsibilities of nurses under RA 7164 (Philippine Nursing Act of 1991).

Supervision and care of women during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium; performance of internal examinations and delivery of babies; suturing lacerations in the absence of a physician; providing first-aid and recommending appropriate herbal or symptomatic medications.

What are the minimum qualifications to practice as a community-health nurse in the Philippines?

A Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree and a valid Philippine nursing license (Registered Nurse).

Name at least four key roles of a community-health nurse outlined in the lecture.

Planner/programmer, provider of nursing care, community organizer, coordinator of services, trainer/health educator, health monitor, role model, change agent, recorder/reporter/statistician, and researcher.