Chapter 7: Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

Flashcards for Chapter 7: Nonferrous Metals and Alloys from DeGarmo's Materials and Processing in Manufacturing

Nonferrous Metals

Metals and alloys that do not contain iron as the primary constituent.

Properties of Nonferrous Metals

Resistance to corrosion, ease of fabrication, high electrical and thermal conductivity, light weight, strength at elevated temperatures, color.

Important Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys

High electrical and thermal conductivity, useful strength with high ductility, corrosion resistance.

Copper

The backbone of the electrical industry.

General Properties of Copper

Relatively low strength and high ductility.

Low Temperature Properties of Copper

Strength increases with decreasing temperature, Material does not embrittle.

Electrolytic Tough-Pitch (ETP) Copper

Refined copper containing between 0.02 and 0.05% oxygen.

Oxygen-Free High Conductivity (OFHC) Copper

Copper that provides superconductivity and superior conductivity.

Properties Imparted by Copper in Alloys

ductility, corrosion resistance, and electrical and thermal conductivity

Alloying Elements that Enhance Copper Properties

Silver, arsenic, cadmium, and zirconium.

Copper Alloy Designation

Standardized by the Copper Development Association

Copper Alloy Numbers for Alloys with Less Than 2% Alloy Addition

From 100 to 199.

Copper Alloy Numbers for Wrought Alloys

From 200 to 799.

Copper Alloy Numbers for Cast Alloys

From 800 to 900 series.

Brass

Copper-Zinc Alloys

Alpha Brasses

Single-phase solid solution (! phase).

Two-Phase Brasses

Two-phase region (!+ phase).

Properties of Alpha Brasses

Quite ductile and formable

Properties of Two-Phase Brasses

Two-phase region involving a brittle zinc-rich phase.

Naval Brass

40% zinc Muntz metal with Tin addition

Bronzes

Alloys with tin.

Desirable Mechanical Properties of Bronzes

Good strength, toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance

Copper and Nickel

Complete Solubility

Key Features of Copper-Nickel Alloys

High thermal conductivity, High temperature strength, Corrosion resistance to a range of materials, High resistance to stress-corrosion cracking

Cupronickels

Contain 2 to 30% nickel.

Nickel Silvers

Contain no silver, but 10 to 30% nickel and 5% zinc.

Constantan

Contains 45% nickel.

Monel

Contains 67% nickel.

Aluminum Bronze

Combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.

Silicon Bronze

Contain up to 4% silicon and 1.5% zinc.

Copper-Beryllium

Contain up to 2.8% Beryllium.

Bismuth and Selenium

i.e. EnviroBrass alloys

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

Second to steel in quantity and usage

Properties of Aluminum

Workability, light weight, corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical reflectivity, easily finished

Weight of Aluminum Compared to Steel

About 1/3 that of steel

Biggest Weakness of Aluminum

Low modulus of elasticity

Light Weight

low density, low specific gravity, high strength to weight ratio

Pure Aluminum

Soft, ductile, and low strength

Electrical-Conductor-Grade Aluminum

used in large quantities and has replaced copper in many application due to the heavy weight of copper

Strength to Weight Basis

Superior to steel

Pure Aluminum Property

Corrosion resistance

Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Low yield strength, High ductility, Good fracture resistance, Good strain hardening

Casting Aluminum Alloys

Low melting point, High fluidity, Resistance to hot cracking during and after solidification

Major Alloy Element in Wrought Alloys

First digit

Temper Designations

fabrication, strain hardened, annealed, thermally treated

Pure Aluminum

High shrinkage and susceptibility to hot cracking

Lithium

Reduces the overall weight by 3% and increases stiffness by 6%

Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Lightest of commercially important materials

Magnesium Weight

2/3 of Aluminum, 1/4 of steel

AZ91 Alloy

9% aluminum and 1% zinc