Untitled Flashcard Set

Industrialization

The transition from an agrarian economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.

Gross National Product (GNP)

A key indicator of economic health, representing the total value of all goods and services produced by a country.

Demographic Shifts

The changes in population dynamics due to migration towards cities for job opportunities during industrialization.

Nativism

A response to immigration characterized by fear of job competition and cultural differences.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Legislation that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S. and limited their rights.

Urbanization

The migration of populations to urban areas, often as a result of industrialization.

Political Machines

Informal political groups focused on gaining and maintaining power, often through corrupt practices.

Social Darwinism

A belief that applies Darwin’s ideas of natural selection to human societies, justifying social inequality.

Gospel of Wealth

A philosophy stating that the wealthy have a moral obligation to help improve society through philanthropy.

Americanization

The process of teaching immigrants English and American history to integrate them into American society.

Natural Resources

Essential materials such as coal, iron, oil, and timber that fueled industrial growth.

Free Enterprise System

An economic system that allows minimal government interference, promoting entrepreneurship and business growth.

Technological Innovations

New inventions that improved productivity and reduced costs in industry, such as the telephone and electric light bulb.

Railroads

Transportation infrastructure crucial for moving goods and resources, contributing significantly to industrialization.

Immigration Stations

Entrances for immigrants, such as Ellis Island and Angel Island, where newcomers faced various conditions upon arrival.

Class Segregation

The division of urban areas into neighborhoods based on socioeconomic status.

Overcrowding

A significant issue in urban areas due to high immigration rates, leading to poor living conditions.

The Gilded Age

The period between 1870 – 1900 in which, due to rapid industrialization,

despite making tremendous technological and economic progress, the United States

experienced serious social problems.