Maternal-Lecture-Notes (1).docx

Mons Pubis

A fat pad above the symphysis pubis, also known as the Mountain of Venus.

Labia Majora

Two thick folds of adipose tissue that originate from the mons pubis and terminate in the perineum.

Labia Minora

Two thin folds of connective tissue that join anteriorly to form the prepuce and posteriorly to form the fourchette.

Clitoris

A highly sensitive erectile tissue located under the prepuce of the labia minora, the site of sexual arousal in females.

Fossa Navicularis

The space between the fourchette and the vaginal introitus.

Vestibule

A triangular space located between the labia minora.

Bartholin’s Glands

Glands located at each inner side of the vagina.

Skene’s Glands

A pair of glands situated at each inner side of the urethral meatus.

Vaginal Orifice

The external opening of the vagina.

Hymen

A thin circular membrane made of elastic tissue situated at the vaginal opening.

Urethral Meatus

The external opening of the female urethra.

Vagina

A hollow, membranous, and muscular canal about 8 to 12 cm long, serving as an organ of copulation, discharging menstrual flow, and acting as a birth canal.

Uterus

A hollow muscular organ resembling an inverted pear, serving as an organ of reproduction and menstruation.

Fundus

The uppermost portion of the uterus located between the insertion of the fallopian tubes.

Cornua

The portion of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted.

Isthmus

The upper third of the cervix, forming the lower uterine segment during delivery.

Corpus

The two-thirds of the uterus that makes up the main body.

Cervix

The neck of the uterus, approximately 2.5 cm long and with a diameter of 2.5 cm.

Perimetrium

The outermost serosal layer of the uterus attached to the broad ligaments.

Myometrium

The middle muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during labor.

Endometrium

The innermost ciliated mucosal layer of the uterus containing numerous uterine glands.

Fallopian Tubes

Pair of tube-like structures that transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.

Ovaries

Almond-shaped glandular organs responsible for oogenesis, ovulation, and hormone production.

Penis

Composed of three longitudinal erectile tissues, serving as an organ of copulation and urination.

Scrotum

A sac-like structure containing the testes, located behind the penis.

Testes

Oval-shaped glandular organs responsible for hormone production and spermatogenesis.

Epididymis

A long coiled tube where sperm matures after leaving the testis.

Vas Deferens

A duct that propels sperm to the urethra during ejaculation.

Ejaculatory Duct

Connects the seminal vesicles to the urethra.

Seminal Vesicle

Pouch-like organs that produce seminal fluid.

Prostate Gland

A walnut-shaped gland lying below the bladder.

Menstrual Cycle

The monthly cycle regulated by hormones involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus.

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone, stimulates the production of Graafian follicles.

LH

Luteinizing hormone, triggers ovulation.

Estrogen

Hormone produced by Graafian follicles, responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum, prepares the endometrium for implantation.

Menstrual Phase

The first phase of the menstrual cycle, characterized by menstruation.

Proliferative Phase

The phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for potential implantation.

Secretory Phase

The phase following ovulation where the endometrium becomes vascular and prepares for implantation.

Ischemic Phase

The phase where progesterone withdrawal leads to endometrial sloughing.

Ovulation

The release of an ovum from the ovary, typically occurring 14 days before menstruation.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation, classified as primary or secondary.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation, which can be due to various factors.

Menopause

The cessation of menstruation, marked by various physical and emotional symptoms.

Fertilization

The process where a sperm cell unites with an