AP Psychology Unit 5 2024-25
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116 Terms
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Stigma
A negative social perception associated with certain characteristics or conditions.
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Stress
A psychological and physical response to perceived challenges or threats.
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Eustress/Distress
Eustress is positive stress that can motivate, while distress is negative stress that can lead to anxiety.
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Traumatic events occurring before age 18 that can negatively impact health and well-being.
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
A three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
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Tend-and-befriend Theory
A theory suggesting that people often respond to stress by seeking social support.
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Problem Focused Coping
Coping strategies aimed at addressing the source of stress directly.
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Emotion Focused Coping
Coping strategies aimed at managing emotions associated with stress.
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Positive Psychology
A field of psychology focused on enhancing well-being and happiness.
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Posttraumatic Growth
The positive psychological change that can occur as a result of adversity.
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Psychological Disorders
Patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas.
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Diagnosing/Classifying
The process of identifying and labeling psychological disorders.
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DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a standardized classification of mental disorders.
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Eclectic Approach
A therapeutic approach that combines techniques from different schools of psychology.
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Clinical/Counseling Psychologists
Professionals trained to diagnose and treat mental health issues.
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Psychiatrist
A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
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Abnormality (Criteria)
Standards used to determine what is considered abnormal behavior.
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D’s of abnormality
Definitions used to identify abnormal behavior: deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger.
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Comorbidity
The presence of two or more disorders occurring simultaneously.
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Anti-Psychiatry Movement
A movement challenging traditional views and treatments in psychiatry.
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Forensic Psychology
The intersection of psychology and the legal system, involving psychological assessments related to legal matters.
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HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
ensures patient privacy regarding health information.
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Mens Rea
A legal term meaning 'guilty mind,' which refers to the intention or knowledge of wrongdoing.
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Etiology of Psychological Methods
The study of the causes of psychological disorders from various theoretical perspectives.
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Diathesis-stress Model
A model suggesting that predisposition to a disorder is triggered by stressors.
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Abnormal Psychology
The branch of psychology that deals with abnormal behavior and mental disorders.
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Anxiety Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety.
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Specific Phobia
An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
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Social Anxiety Disorder
A fear of social situations that may lead to embarrassment or humiliation.
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Panic Disorder
A disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks and overwhelming anxiety.
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Agoraphobia
Anxiety disorder involving fear of situations where escape might be difficult.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life.
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Separation Anxiety
An excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).
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Obsessions
Repetitive, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety.
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Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors that individuals feel compelled to perform to reduce anxiety.
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Bipolar Disorder
A mental disorder characterized by extreme mood swings, including manic and depressive episodes.
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Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.
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Dysthymia
A milder but chronic form of depression.
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
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Somatic Symptom Disorder
A disorder characterized by physical symptoms that are not fully explained by medical conditions.
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Conversion
A disorder where psychological distress is expressed as physical symptoms.
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Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome)
A condition in which a person deceives others by faking illness to gain attention.
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Factitious Disorder on Another (by Proxy)
A caregiver induces illness in someone under their care to gain attention.
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Intellectual Disability
A condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
A developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior.
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ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
a condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
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Learning Disorder
A disorder that affects the ability to understand or use language, which can hinder learning.
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Personality Disorders
A class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior.
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
A disorder marked by a lack of regard for the moral or legal standards of society.
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Borderline Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions.
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A disorder marked by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
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Eating Disorders
Disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.
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Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating, intense fear of gaining weight.
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Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
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Substance Abuse Disorder
A disorder involving compulsive use of substances despite harmful consequences.
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Schizophrenia
A severe mental disorder characterized by disordered thinking, perceptions/delusions, and emotional responses.
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Delusions
False beliefs that are resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact.
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Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without external stimuli, such as hearing voices.
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Disorganized Speech
A symptom of schizophrenia marked by incoherent speech.
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Positive vs Negative Symptoms
symptoms that add behaviors (e.g., hallucinations) vs symptoms that remove behaviors (e.g., lack of motivation).
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Psychomotor Symptoms
Physical symptoms affecting movement or coordination associated with mental disorders.
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Catatonia
A state of unresponsiveness and immobility often seen in severe mental illness.
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Psychotherapy
The treatment of mental disorder by psychological means.
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Pros and Cons of Each Approach
Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of different psychotherapy methods.
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Competencies
Skills and knowledge required for effective practice in psychology.
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Psychoanalytical/dynamic
A therapeutic approach that focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences.
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Dream Interpretation
A technique in psychoanalysis where dreams are analyzed for hidden meanings.
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Free Association
A technique where patients speak freely about their thoughts and feelings to uncover unconscious material.
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Resistance
In psychoanalysis, a patient’s reluctance to bring unconscious material to consciousness.
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Transference
A phenomenon where patients project feelings about important figures in their life onto the therapist.
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Interpretation
The therapist's analysis of the patient's experiences and emotions.
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Humanistic
An approach to therapy that emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
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Client Centered Therapy
A humanistic therapeutic approach that focuses on the individual's perspective and innate drive for growth.
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Unconditional Positive Regard
Accepting and supporting a person regardless of what they say or do.
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Nondirective Therapy
A therapeutic approach where the therapist takes a non-directive stance.
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Active Listening
A communication technique used in counseling to enhance understanding.
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Reflection
A therapeutic technique that involves summarizing a patient’s statements to gain clarity.
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Behavior Therapy
A treatment focused on modifying harmful behaviors.
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Counterconditioning
A behavioral technique that associates a new response with a previously conditioned stimulus.
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Systematic Desensitization
A gradual exposure technique used to treat phobias.
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Anxiety Hierarchy
A ranked list of feared items or situations used in systematic desensitization.
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Flooding
A behavioral therapy technique in which a patient is exposed to a large amount of their fear at once.
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Aversive Conditioning
A technique that involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to reduce that behavior.
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Token Economy
A system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior (utilizing points that can be exchanged for tangible rewards).
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Cognitive Therapies
Psychotherapies that focus on changing maladaptive thought patterns.
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Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
A cognitive-behavioral therapy aimed at changing irrational beliefs.
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Irrational Beliefs
Unreasonable thoughts that negatively impact emotional well-being.
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Rational Thinking
Thought processes that are logical and based on reality.
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Cognitive Therapy (CT)
A type of therapy that aims to change thought patterns to improve emotional responses.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
An integrative therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral approaches.
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Sociocultural
An approach that examines the social and cultural influences on mental health.
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Culturally Responsive Intervention
Therapeutic practices that recognize and consider cultural differences in treatment.
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Formats for Therapy
The different contexts in which therapy can occur, such as individual and group.
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Individual Therapy
A format for therapy focusing on the individual with a licensed therapist.
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Group Therapy
A format for therapy where multiple individuals meet to discuss their issues.
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Family Therapy
A therapeutic approach that involves family members to address issues collectively.
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Couples Therapy
Therapy focused on improving communication and resolving conflicts in a romantic relationship.
Flashcards (43)