Joints and Articulations Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the structural and functional classifications of joints, types of synovial joints, body movements, and clinical joint disorders based on the Chapter 8 lecture notes.

Joints (Articulations)

Functional connections between bones that bind parts of the skeletal system together, make bone growth possible, permit shape changes during childbirth, and enable movement.

Synarthrotic

A functional classification of joints that are immovable.

Amphiarthrotic

A functional classification of joints that are slightly movable.

Diarthrotic

A functional classification of joints that are freely movable.

Fibrous Joints

Joints held together by dense connective tissue containing many collagen fibers; found in bones in close contact.

Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint where bones are bound by a sheet (interosseous membrane) or bundle (interosseous ligament) of dense connective tissue; amphiarthrotic.

Suture

A synarthrotic fibrous joint consisting of a thin layer of connective tissue (sutural ligament) between flat bones of the skull.

Gomphosis

A synarthrotic fibrous joint formed by a cone-shaped bony process in a socket, such as a tooth root held by a periodontal ligament.

Synchondrosis

A cartilaginous joint where bands of hyaline cartilage unite bones; examples include the epiphyseal plate and the joint between the manubrium and the first rib.

Symphysis

An amphiarthrotic cartilaginous joint with a pad of fibrocartilage between bones and articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage.

Synovial membrane

The inner layer of the joint capsule in a synovial joint which secretes synovial fluid.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Also called a spheroidal joint; a multiaxial synovial joint with a round head in a cup-shaped cavity offering the widest range of motion.

Condylar Joint

Also called an ellipsoidal joint; a biaxial synovial joint where an oval condyle fits into an elliptical cavity.

Plane Joint

Also called a gliding joint; a nonaxial synovial joint where surfaces are almost flat or slightly curved, allowing back-and-forth and twisting movements.

Hinge Joint

A uniaxial synovial joint where a convex surface fits into a concave surface, permitting movement in one plane.

Pivot Joint

Also called a trochoid joint; a uniaxial synovial joint where a cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of another bone.

Saddle Joint

Also called a sellar joint; a biaxial synovial joint where both bones have concave and convex surfaces, such as the joint between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.

Origin

The relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle.

Insertion

The more movable end of a skeletal muscle toward which the muscle pulls when it contracts.

Abduction

Moving a part of the body away from the midline.

Adduction

Moving a part of the body toward the midline.

Dorsiflexion

Ankle movement which points the toes upward.

Plantar flexion

Ankle movement which points the toes downward.

Supination

Forearm rotation so the palm faces upward or forward, or lying down face up (supine).

Pronation

Forearm rotation so the palm faces downward or backward, or lying down face down (prone).

Inversion

Turning of the foot so the plantar surface faces the midline.

Eversion

Turning of the foot so the plantar surface faces away from the midline.

Iliofemoral ligament

The strongest ligament in the body, located in the hip joint.

Menisci

Fibrocartilage structures that separate the femur and tibia within the knee joint.

Arthroscopy

A procedure used to treat shoulder, elbow, and knee injuries and to diagnose certain joint conditions.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease and the most common type of arthritis, occurring with aging.

Lyme arthritis

A form of joint inflammation caused by Lyme disease, passed through a tick bite.