HISTORY6: EARLY RENAISSANCE - LATE RENAISSANCE

Renaissance Period

period where man was freed the religious restraints of the medieval times

Renaissance

means rebirth of the art of classic antiquity that occured in italy in the 14th centery

Humanism

an ideology that believes that humans purportedly created in the Judeo-Christian God, had been given the ability for rational though to some meaningful end

Secularism

weakening of the spiritual and political leadership of the Church; Material prosperity ; abuses and problems with doctrines

Early renaissance

a style of italian art and architecture developed during the 15th century, characterized by the development of linear perspective, chiaroscuro, and in building by the free and inventive use of classical details

Massaccio

First great painter of Italian Renaissance

Chiaroscuro

(light to dark) uses of light and dark to achieve a heightened ullusion of depth

Foreshortening

method of rendering a specific object or figure in a picture in depth

The distortion that is seen by the eye when an object is viewed at a distance

Giotto di Bondone

He was often considered as the founder of renaissance painting by breaking away from the byzantine tradition of painting to naturalism, humanism and composition

Father of Renaissance Art

Masaccio

a disciple of Giotto, first great painter of the Italian renaissance. his frescoes are the earliest monuments of Humanism, and introduce a plasticity previously unseen in figure painting

Fra Angelico

a Dominican monk, all of his art was the insights of spiritual depth (Madonna with babe and angels)

Fra Lippi

complete antithesis of Fra Angelico ; more concerned with physical beauty than the insight or spiritual depth

Alessandro Boticelli

Instrumental with the opening to us the stories and characters of classical mythology, he was classed with the sentimental, devotional group and also learned scientists

works: Birth of Venus

Jan Van Eyck

Most prominent painter of the early renaissance style

He perfected the process of painting with oil and varnish.

Donatello

Sculptor known for sacred themes.

; works : "St. Mark:, Gattamelata, bronze, Young David

Lorenzo Gibherti

A sculptor who did the north and east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni.

Early Renaissance Architecture

Characterized by an emphasis in symmetry, exact mathematical relationships between parts. Ashlar masonry was used in a rusticated finish in horizontal courses.

They used horizontal cornices and balustrades known as string cornices.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Designed the dome for the Florence Cathedral

Giovanni Medici

Founded the Medici "dynasty" and built the Ospedale Degli Inosenti for the poor

Michelezzo and Brunelleschi

Designed the Palazzo Medici-Ricardi

String cornices

horizontal cornices and balustrades are known as

Leon Batista Alberti

Designed the Palazzo Rucellai

Lucca Pitti

Designed the Palazzo Pitti, the largest palace in Italy aside from the Vatican

High Renaissance

Represented by a culmination of talent. Placed emphasis on draftsmanship and illusion of sculptural volume in painting

Leonardo Da Vinci

Best known painter, but everything as well.

Attempted to unite science with art. He used sfumato which translates to smokey in Italian

Sfumato

a modeling technique which consisted of blurring sharp outline with subtle, tonal gradations, imparting a mysterious enigmatic quality, hinting at the subject's spiritual dimension

Michelangelo Buonarotti

He trained in Florence and used the knowledge to glorify God.

His style became the foundation of Baroque-Mannerism.

works: Pieta

Titan

The leader of the 16th Century Venetian school of the Italian Renaissance.

Raphael (Rafaello Sanzio)

trained in Umbria but studies in Florence. He usually painted beautiful, gentle, calm women in a courteous manner.

Works: School of Athens

Albrecht durer

known as Leonardo of the North, produced more than a thousand woodcuts and engravings

Tempietto

meaning small temple, it marked the spot of St. Peter's crucifixion

Measures 15 ft. in diameter and is reminiscent to the circular planned building.

Capitoline hill

Composed of the Palace of the Senate by the right, the Capitoline Museum at the top, the conservatory at the left and the statue of Marcus Aurelius at the middle

San Carlo Alle Quatro Fontane

established boromini's reputation for faring architectural innovation. architecture by Francvisco Borromini

English Baroque

A style known for its awkwardness and overly ornate handling of French Baroque Characteristics. Had Charles II as its patron

Castle Howard

one of the premier stately homes of England

Mannerism

The artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symmetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions, twisted pose, and compression of space.

Council of Trent

A consequence of counter-reformation; denounced Lutheranism and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine. Gave the Church the power to persecute non-Christian

Inquisition

Identified heretics and bring them to trial

Jacopo Pantormo

Created The Descent from the Cross with elongated composition occupies the painting scene

Parmigianino

Created Madonna of the Long Neck where Mary is seen with very long limbs and the heavy drapery at the back seems very disproportionate with the small male operating it

Tintoretto

Venice's Master of Mannerism. He was termed Il Furioso because of his energy in painting nad is known for his dramatic use of perspectival space and special lighting effects.

Rosso Fio

A Mannerist painter that uses color for association and explored themes

Figura Serpentinata

The S line in Mannerist paintings which translates to serpent

Veronese

Known as a supreme colorist and uses illusionistic decorations in both fresco and oil

Agnolo Bronzio

He excelled in cool mannerist portraits.

Andrea Palladio

The greatest architect of 16th century Italy

Villa Capra

Also known as Villa Rotonda, features an exaggeration of classic features in a square building with pillared porticos on each face leading to a central circular hall with a dome.

Palazzos

Itallian Houyses

Enfilade arrangement

Areas are laid out in a sequence according to privacy

Guardaroba

changing area or closet

Closet

a very private area for conversation during Italian Renaisance

Studiolio - study and meditation room

Certosina

Ivory inlay of wood

Intarsia

Elaborate form of marquetry in 15th century

Incised carving

low carving where the resulting design was flush with surrounding wood

Chip carving

accomplished by a succession of small, unconnected gouges using conventational motifs and geometric pattern

Pastigilia

relief ornament with the use of gesso