chn finals part 1

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS

• is a systematic, scientific, dynamic, on-going interpersonal process in which the nurses and the clients are viewed as a system with each affecting the other and both being affected by the factors within the behavior.

• The process is a series of actions that result in the optimal health care for the clients.

Health Need

exist when there is a health problem that can be alleviated with medical or social technology

Focus:

● Emphasis on prevention and promotion well-being.

● Consider the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health.

● Looks at what is required to achieve optimal health

HEALTH PROBLEMS

a situation in which there is a demonstrated health need combined with actual or potential resources to apply remedial measures and a commitment to act on the part of the provider or the client.

Focus:

● Emphasis on trending and managing existing illnesses or conditions

● Addresses specific health issues that are currently present.

● Look at what is currently causing ill health.

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

● According to WHO definition, it is “quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health.

• Is the identification and quantification of health problems in a given population using health indicators to define those at risk or those in need of care and the opportunities and resources available to address these factors.

COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

It aims to obtain general information about the community.

● A comprehensive community diagnosis is a thorough and in-depth assessment of the health status of a defined community.

● It goes beyond simply identifying health problems; it aims to understand the complex interplay of factors that influence the community’s overall well-being.

Demographic Variables

it pertains to the size, composition, and geographical distribution of the population density as indicated by the following:

1. Total population and geographical distribution including urban-rural index and population density

2. Age and sex composition

3. Selected vital indicators such as growth rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate and life expectancy at birth 4. Patterns of migration

5. Populations projections

Social Indicators

a. Communication Network (whether formal or informal channels) necessary for disseminating health information or facility referral of clients to the healthcare system.

b. Transportation System - including road networks

c. Educational Level which may be indicative of poverty and may reflect on health perception and utilization pattern of the community.

d. Housing conditions which may suggest health hazards (congestion, fire, exposure to elements)

Economic Indicators:

a. Poverty level income

b. Unemployment and underemployment rates

c. Proportion of salaried and wage earners to total economically active population

d. Type of industry present in the community

e. Occupation common in the community

Environmental Indicators

a. Physical/Geographical/Topographical Characteristics of the Community

● Land areas that contribute to vector problems

● Terrain characteristics that contribute to accidents or pose as geohazard zones

● Land usage of industry ● Climate or season

b. Water Supply

● Percent population with access to safe, adequate water supply

● Source of water supply

c. Waste Disposal

● Percent population served by daily garbage collection system

● Percent population with safe excreta disposal system

● Types of water disposal and garbage disposal system

d. Air, Water, and Land Pollution

● Industries within rhe community having health hazards associated with it.

● Air and water pollution index

Cultural Factors

a. Variable that may break-up people into groups within the community such as:

i. Ethnicity

ii. Social Class

iii. Language

iv. Religion

v. Race

vi. Political Orientation

b. Cultural belief and practices that affect health

c. Concepts about health and illness

Health and Ilness Patterns

1. Patterns of disease occurrence and distribution

2. Leading causes of mortality

3. Leading causes of morbidity

4. Leading causes of infant mortality

5. Leading causes of maternal mortality

6. Leading cause of hospital admission and Health Indicators

Health Resources

They are important determinants of the delivery of care that nurse needs to determine the following:

1. Nurse Resources

2. Community Resources

3. Family Resources

MANPOWER RESOURCES:

- Categories of health ______ available

- Geographical distribution of health_____r

- ______ population ratio - Distribution of health manpower according to health facilities (hospitals, RHU, etc.)

- Distribution of health ______ according to type of organization (government, non-government, health units, private)

- Quality of health _____

- Existing ______ development/policies

MATERIAL RESOURCES:

- Health budget and expenditures

- Sources of Health Funding

- Categories of Health institutions available in the community

- Hospital bed-population ratio

- Categories of health services available

Political/Leadership Patterns

In assessing the community, describe the following: 1. Power structures in the community (formal or informal)

2. Attitudes of the people toward authority

3. Conditions/events/issues that cause social conflict/upheavals or that lead to social bonding or unification.

4. Practices/approaches that are effective in setting issues and concerns within the community

PROBLEM ORIENTED/FOCUSED COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

● It is as a type of assessment that responds to a particular need.

● This approach centers on identifying and analyzing specific health problems within a community.

● It begins with a recognition of a particular issue and then investigates the contributing factors