Classical Period

Beethoven

________ was a German composer and pianist born in Bonn (Germany)

Woodwinds

________ are often used to provide different tone colors and as solo melodic passages.

Horns

________ and trumpets are used to create louder dynamics and to fill out harmonies.

Diderot

The ideals of reason, objectivity, and scientific knowledge found in the writings of ________, Voltaire (French) and Lessing will have an impact on all aspects of European society and culture.

Mozart

Haydn composed 104 symphonies, ________ 41, and Beethoven 9.

Concerto

________: instrumental work pitting a soloist against the orchestra.

18th century

The first pianos were developed in the first half of the ________.

Opera

________: as in the baroque period, a drama set to music and staged.

Classical period

The ________ sees an expansion of the orchestra to 30 or 60 players.

Leopold Mozart

His father, ________ was the violinist of the Archbishop of the court of Salzburg.

Piano sonata

________: multi- movement work for solo piano.

chord progression

The idea and sense of "home, journey and return home "can be expressed with the ________ I- IV- V- I or tonicsubdominant- dominant- tonic.

aesthetics of classicism

The ________ and the Enlightenment world view will shape the art of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Mozart

________ wrote a number of piano concertos featuring himself as the soloist.

18th century

The ________ is traditionally called the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment Period.

Mozart

________ was the most important opera composer of the period.

Mozart

________ was born in Salzburg, Austria.

The idea and sense of "home, journey and return home" can be expressed with the chord progression I-IV-V-I or tonicsubdominant- dominant

tonic

Symphony

it usually refers to an extended musical composition, consisting of 4 related sections of instrumental music at slightly different speeds

Rondo

Allegro (quickly)

Piano sonata

multi-movement work for solo piano

String quartet

four-movement work for two violins, viola, and cello favored by Haydn, who established the grouping as the premiere chamber medium

Symphony

four-movement work for orchestra

What was the goal of Bach's sons?

to strip the multiple layers, ornamentations and counterpoint textures of their elders and to change what they saw as a complicated and serious style with a clearer and more elegant sound.

the chord progression I-IV-V-I or tonicsubdominant- dominant - tonic

used to express the idea and sense of "home, journey, return home"

The 4 sections of a symphony

an opening sonata or allegro

a slow movement such as adagio

a minuet or scherzo (slow dance) with trio

an allegro, rondo or sonata.

the sonata form

usually consists of an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation.

Mozart

a composer who creates subtle contrasting and opposing forces within the structure of a symphony, exposing a more individual expression and sometimes inner turmoil.

Beethoven

a crucial figure in the transition between the classical and romantic eras.