Patho Week 10.2 PP

A client with severe dehydration is diagnosed with prerenal AKI. Which finding does the nurse expect?

Decreased renal perfusion

The nurse understands that which condition is the MOST common cause of prerenal AKI?

Hypovolemia

A client with intrarenal AKI from acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is likely to have which cause?

Severe hypotension

A nurse identifies which finding as the hallmark of postrenal AKI?

Bilateral ureteral obstruction

A client is in the oliguric phase of AKI. Which finding is expected?

Fluid overload

In the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse’s priority is:

Monitoring for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Which lab finding is MOST consistent with AKI?

Elevated BUN and creatinine

Which patient is MOST at risk for developing AKI?

72-year-old diabetic with HTN

A client with CKD is likely to have which lab finding?

Hyperphosphatemia

Which condition is strongly linked to the development of CKD?

Diabetes mellitus

A client with CKD has uremia. Which assessment supports this?

Uremic frost on skin

A CKD client reports bone pain. The nurse knows this is due to:

Impaired phosphate elimination

A CKD patient’s medication dose must often be adjusted due to:

Altered drug absorption and elimination

A common hematologic complication of CKD is:

Anemia

Which urinary symptom is typical of stress incontinence?

Leakage with coughing

A client with BPH most likely reports:

Urinary hesitancy

The MOST common complication of untreated BPH is:

Acute urinary retention

Which diagnostic test is controversial for BPH or prostate cancer screening?

PSA

The nurse knows that prostate cancer is often:

Asymptomatic in early stages

Which patient has the highest risk of prostate cancer?

70-year-old African American male

Which symptom is MOST associated with kidney stones?

Severe flank pain with hematuria

Kidney stone formation is primarily caused by:

Supersaturation of salts

Which finding indicates obstruction from a kidney stone?

Anuria or oliguria

Which kidney stone is MOST common?

Calcium oxalate

Acute pyelonephritis most commonly occurs from:

Spread from the bladder upward

A hallmark sign of acute pyelonephritis is:

Costovertebral angle tenderness

The nurse identifies which client as MOST at risk for pyelonephritis?

Client with kidney stones

Chronic pyelonephritis leads to which long-term change?

Scarring and deformation of calyces

The gold standard for UTI diagnosis is:

Urine culture

Which finding in urinalysis suggests a gram-negative UTI?

Nitrites