Maternal and Child Nursing: Antepartum, Labor, and Delivery Focus

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering antepartum care, obstetric rules, Leopold's maneuvers, fetal positioning, labor stages, and childbirth terminology based on lecture notes.

Antepartum

The period of time before childbirth.

Ballotement

A method of examining an organ not near the surface of the body involving a finger inserted into the vagina.

Bartholomew's rule

A rule used for determining the duration of pregnancy based on the height of the fundus.

Engagement (General)

The settling of the presenting part of a fetus.

Fetal heart tone / rate

Measured in heartbeats per min, with a normal range of $120-160\,bpm$.

Fingerbreadths

A unit of length used in assessments based on the breadth of a finger.

Fundus

The top portion of the uterus.

Fundal height

The distance measured from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus.

Leopold's maneuver

A clinical technique used to determine fetal presentation and position.

Lie

The position or attitude of the fetus.

L1 (Fundal grip)

A maneuver used to determine fundal height and content.

L2 (Umbilical grip)

A maneuver used to identify the fetal back and small parts.

L3 (Pawlik's grip)

A maneuver used to determine fetal presentation.

L4 (Pelvic grip)

A maneuver used to determine fetal engagement.

Longitudinal

A fetal lie where the baby's spine runs in the same direction as the mother's spine.

Transverse

A fetal lie where the baby lies horizontally in the pelvis.

Post partum

The first $6\,weeks$ after a woman has given birth.

Position

The location of the point of direction.

Presentation

The position of the fetus within the birth canal.

Station

The relationship of the presenting part to the level of the ischial spines.

Gravida (Individual)

A woman who is or has been pregnant.

Nulligravida

A woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant.

Primigravida

A woman who is pregnant for the $1^{st}$ time.

Multigravida

A woman who has been pregnant previously.

Para

The number of births a woman has had after $20\,weeks$ gestation.

Symphysis pubis

The joint located between the left and right pelvic bone.

EDC

Estimated date of confinement.

EDD

Estimated date of delivery.

LMP

Last menstrual period.

GTPAL

Acronym for Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortion, and Living children; used to track obstetric history.

Gravida (GTPAL)

The number of times the woman has conceived.

Term (GTPAL)

The number of times the woman has carried a pregnancy to at least $37\,weeks$ and delivered successfully.

Preterm (GTPAL)

The number of times a woman has delivered before $37\,weeks$ but after $20\,weeks$.

Abortion (GTPAL)

The number of times a woman has lost a pregnancy before $20\,weeks$.

Living children (GTPAL)

The total number of live births.

Naegel's rule

A method to determine the EDC using the formula ($-3, +7, +1$); if the result exceeds the number of days, use ($+1\,[mos], -30\,[days]$).

Mcdonald's rule

A method to determine the age of gestation using ($\frac{2}{7}\,[mos]$ or $\frac{8}{7}\,[week]$).

Complete breech

A type of breech where the knees are bent; the feet and bottom are closest to the birth canal.

Incomplete breech

A type of breech where one of the knees is bent.

Frank breech

A type of breech where the legs are folded flat up.

Footling breech

A type of breech where one or both feet are at the birth canal.

Ante-partal exercises

Activities designed to improve the physical and psychological well-being of an expectant mother.

Post partal exercises

Activities that help restore muscle strength and firm up the mother's body after birth.

Admission

The process of accepting someone into a medical facility as an inpatient.

Kardex

A medical information system.

Identification band

A tool used to verify the patient's identity.

Demographic data

Information including name, age, address, and other identifying details.

Labor

The process resulting in the expulsion of the fetus.

Labor watch

The task of assisting and monitoring the mother during the birth process.

Intrapartal

Care or events provided during the act of birth.

Engagement (Labor)

When the lowermost part of the fetus descends.

Uterine contraction

The tightening and shortening of uterine muscles.

Increment

The increasing value in the interval of a uterine contraction.

Acrement

The static state during a uterine contraction.

Acme

The strongest point of a uterine contraction.

Decrement

The gradual decrease of a uterine contraction.

Duration

The total length of time of a contraction.

Frequency

The rate at which every contraction occurs.

Interval

The intervening time or space between events.

Intensity

The strength of a contraction.

Friedman's curve

A tool used for the detection of dysfunctional labor and to assess labor progression.

Fetal Station

The distance between the fetal head and the ischial (pine.

Effacement

The process where the cervix prepares for delivery.

Dilation

The opening of the entrance to the uterus.

Bishop's scale

A scale used to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required.

Episiotomy

A surgical cut made in the perineum during childbirth.

Episiorrhapy

The surgical repair of an episiotomy.

Stage 1 (Labor)

The stage taking approximately $12\,hrs$ to complete, consisting of Latent, Active, and Transition phases.

Latent Phase (Stage 1)

Characterized by mild and brief contractions lasting $20-40\,secs$.

Active Phase (Stage 1)

Phase where contractions intensify, lasting $40-60\,secs$ every $6$ to $5\,mins$.

Transition Phase (Stage 1)

Phase where contractions last $40-70\,secs$ every $2-3\,mins$.

Stage 2 (Labor)

The stage characterized by full dilation and cervical effacement.

Stage 3 (Labor)

The stage involving the delivery of the child and the placenta.

Stage 4 (Labor)

The period after delivery, typically lasting from $1-4\,hrs$ after delivery.