Cell Structures and Processes

Chloroplast

Organelle in plant cells, site of photosynthesis

Vacuole

Storage organelle in plant cells

Cytosol

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Lysosomes

Organelles that break down waste and cellular debris

Chromosomes

Carry genetic information, made of DNA

Rough E.R.

Organelle involved in protein synthesis

Plasma Membrane

Outer boundary of the cell, controls what enters and exits

Nucleus

Control center of the cell, contains DNA

DNA

Genetic material, carries instructions for cell functions

Smooth E.R.

Organelle involved in lipid synthesis

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules without energy input

Active Transport

Movement of molecules against the concentration gradient

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane