The Periodic Table (C8)

Chemistry IGCSE: C8.1 Arrangement of elements C8.2 Group I properties C8.3 Group VII properties C8.4 Transition elements C8.5 Noble gases

What is the Periodic Table?

A table containing every element that we have found naturally or made synthetically and it is organized by atomic number

What is the atomic number?

Total number of protons found in an element

What is the atomic mass?

Total number of protons + neutrons in an element

What are the groups in the periodic table?

The columns, elements in same group have similar chemical properties because they have same amount of valence electrons

What are the periods in the periodic table?

The rows, determines number of shells

Signal where the group 1 elements (alkali metals) are located in this periodic table

Signal where the group 2 elements (alkaline earth metals) are located in this periodic table

Signal where the group 7 elements (halogens) are located in this periodic table

Signal where the group 8 elements (noble gases) are located in this periodic table

Signal where the transition metals are located in this periodic table

Signal where the metals and the non-metals are located in this periodic table

What are the trend of the metals in the periodic table?

Large atomic radius

Conduct heat and electricity

Have a range of metling point values

Malleable

Shiny

What are the trend of the non-metals in the periodic table?

Smaller atomic radius

Don’t conduct electricity

Generally, low melting point values

Brittle

Dull

Which non-metals can conduct heat and electricity, respectively?

Graphite (form of carbon) and diamond (Au)

What properties do metalloids have?

Some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals

What are group 1 elements known as, and what are their charges/valence shell electron?

The alkali metals, 1 electron in valence shell (1+ charge - loses 1 electron)

What are group 2 elements known as, and what are their charges/valence shell electrons?

The alkaline earth metals, 2 electrons in valence shell (2+ charge - loses 2 electrons)

What are group 7 elements known as, and what are their charges/valence shell electrons?

The halogens, 7 electrons in valence shell (1- charge - gains 1 electron)

What are group 8 elements known as, and what are their charges/valence shell electrons?

The noble gases, 8 electrons in valence shell (balanced)

What are the characteristics of the transition elements?

Good conductors of electricity and thermal energy

Hard, strong, and lustrous

Have high densities: atoms have high mass and are tightly packed together in a metallic lattice

Have high melting points, except for mercury, which is liquid at room temp

Form ions with different charges

Useful as catalysts: can easily give and accept electrons

Form colored compounds

What colored compounds do the transition elements form?

Describe the noble gases

Non-metals

Monoatomic

Unreactive/inert

Colourless

Low melting and boiling points

Why are the noble gases inert?

Because they have a full outer shell, they don’t need to gain or lose electrons, as they are stable, and they don’t easily form bonds with other elements