review unit 4

A
Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ?
A
Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.
B
European luxury goods became increasingly popular among Asian populations in the region.
C
Natural resources from the Americas allowed Asian producers to diversify the products they sold to European merchants.
D
European artisans in the region increasingly copied Islamic and Indian styles in their artistic productions.

C
The development of trading-post empires

The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?
A
The establishment of plantation economies
B
The spread of printing-press technology
C
The development of trading-post empires
D
The decline of Asian states such as the Mughal Empire

B
Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that
A
salvation for the Portuguese inhabitants of Goa could be obtained only by rejecting material wealth
B
Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces
C
because of their belief in the prophecy of Jesus

D
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450-1750?
A
European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe
B
Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the Western Hemisphere
C
European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere
D
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

B
Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

"Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place

Alfred Crosby

world historian

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above?
A
Various Amerindian groups did not have contact with each other before 1492.
B
Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.
C
The genetic makeup of the native population of the Americas remained unchanged until 1492.
D
By 1492 Amerindians generally had migrated for shorter distances than had other groups.

B
A system in which an Islamic minority ruled over a Hindu majority

Which of the following best describes the Mughal Empire?
A
A political-economic-social system that recognized equality of all citizens
B
A system in which an Islamic minority ruled over a Hindu majority
C
A government based on an examination system
D
A social and political system that sought to value equally its Islamic

A
Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.

Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?
A
Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.
B
Bantu peoples increasingly migrated southwards and eastwards.
C
African societies became increasingly monotheistic as they adopted Islam.
D
African states underwent significant urbanization as rural agricultural populations diminished.

C
the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT
A
the shift in trade focus from Saharan routes to the coast
B
destabilization of local African societies
C
the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market
D
increased violence through widespread use of firearms

D
air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT
A
the spread of Afro-Eurasian diseases in the Americas
B
soil depletion and erosion from intensive agriculture in the Caribbean
C
American foods becoming staple crops in Africa
D
air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

D
The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

"In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough

In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly

the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence.

In 1521 my father

King Hunyg

In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns.

In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico

and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God.

In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked

and I was also attacked with the disease."

Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people

composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language

All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT:
A
The Maya king died in the epidemic.
B
Fear of the disease drove Maya people to commit suicide.
C
The disease killed members of the Maya elite

including elders and priests.
D
The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

A
The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"?
A
The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya.
B
The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.
C
Maya people became poor.
D
The Spanish assassinated the king's eldest son.

B
The Maya were converted to Christianity.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?
A
Dominican friars knew the Maya language.
B
The Maya were converted to Christianity.
C
The Maya nobility lost its social status.
D
Maya people before the conquest were illiterate.

D
Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.

Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750 ?
A
The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns.
B
The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations.
C
Christianity was prohibited in both empires.
D
Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.
E
Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.

C
The rapid natural increase of Brazil's early slave population

In the period 1500 to 1750

A
overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque

"Concerning his greatest project

'Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I

Sinan

Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque

with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan

*Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family

but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy.

Sai Mustafa Chelebi

Ottoman court official

Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography

it is most likely that the information in the passage might be
A
overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque
B
understating the extent of Ottoman royal suppor

C
methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects

Sinan's service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450-1750 often relied on
A
appointed bureaucrats to break the power of entrenched landed aristocracies
B
mass conscription of soldiers to carry out their territorial expansion
C
methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects
D
members of the clergy to perform religious services

Bringing Constantinople

with its imperial traditions

A
To demonstrate their wealth and power

Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles

D
Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

In the period 1450—1750

D
coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements

Before 1870

B
The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

"In countries where there is a great scarcity of money

D
States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?
A
States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires.
B
The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively.
C
The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before.
D
States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

C
the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT
A
the Safavid Empire
B
the Qing (Manchu) Empire
C
the Aztec (Mexica) Empire
D
the Ottoman Empire

C
political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

"To the count of Katzenellenbogen

D
reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

"To the count of Katzenellenbogen

B
had become corrupted by power

"To the count of Katzenellenbogen

B
Introduction of Western Hemisphere crops

Which of the following is most likely to have influenced eighteenth-century population trends in both Europe and China?
A
A sharp decline in average global temperatures
B
Introduction of Western Hemisphere crops
C
Innovation in birth control measures
D
Improvement in surgical procedures

B
The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim

while the Mughals did not.

C
Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.

Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
A
In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims.
B
Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies.
C
Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.
D
Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.

C
The emergence of syncretic religious practices in the Americas

"Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was

B
Attempting to build support for imperial rule by accommodating religious and ethnic diversity

"Let the blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad and his companions universally. In the year 1640 C.E. I wanted to behold the mystics of every sect

C
The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas

"In the context of the Ottoman Empire

C
Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.

"In the context of the Ottoman Empire

B
The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.

Which of the following best characterizes world trade in the period 1450 to 1750 ?
A
Commodities from Africa dominated trade with China and India.
B
The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.
C
International conflict declined because of growing cooperation among international traders.
D
European dominance of China began.
E
The African slave trade declined.

A
The dependence of colonial economies on coerced labor

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver

A
The emergence of the first truly global exchange networks

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver

C
He was critical of the motivations of the Spanish conquistadors.

Based on the description of the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the second paragraph

D
The introduction of European practices of resource extraction

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver

C
The creation of a new political and economic elite in the immediate aftermath of the European conquest

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver

B
Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest

trade

B
Asian societies produced most of the world's manufactured goods.

Which of the following was an important continuity in the global economy from 1500 C.E. to 1700 C.E.?
A
Muslim merchants controlled most major trade routes.
B
Asian societies produced most of the world's manufactured goods.
C
Most goods were exchanged using overland trade routes.
D
Reliance on coerced labor systems declined.

A
increased production of cash crops like sugar

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by
A
increased production of cash crops like sugar
B
growth of silver mining in New Spain
C
industrialized textile mills' demand for raw cotton
D
African slave-trading kingdoms' demand for European trade goods

A
Africa

The domestic labor of the enslaved woman in the sketch is most similar to the predominant form of slavery in which of the following regions?
A
Africa
B
The Caribbean
C
Russia
D
South America

C
The development of manufacturing in colonial Latin America

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible.
Which of the following would illustrate an objection to this world economic theory?
A
African imports of European guns
B
The use of serfs to produce grain for export in Poland
C
The development of manufacturing in colonial Latin America
D
Import of European art works by planters in the United States south
E
The plantation system in the Caribbean

B
sugar

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of
A
cotton
B
sugar
C
tobacco
D
rice
E
coffee

B
The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China

Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750 ?
A
The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and a drastic drop in their populations
B
The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China
C
A massive drain of silver and gold from India and China
D
A great expansion in slave labor in India and China
E
A major disruption of the economies of India and China

C
Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara.

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.?
A
Bantu-speaking people spread iron metallurgy to East and Central Africa.
B
Europeans established settler colonies in East and Central Africa.
C
Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara.
D
Islam was introduced and widely adopted in North Africa.

C
Enslavement of African peoples and subjugation of Amerindians

Which of the following was a major similarity among European colonial empires in the Americas in the period 1450-1750 ?
A
Widespread religious tolerance and diversity
B
Encouragement of the development of industrial manufacturing in their territories
C
Enslavement of African peoples and subjugation of Amerindians
D
Settlement of millions of Europeans in each of their colonial territories

E
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Columbian Exchange?
A
European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe
B
African livestock to the Western Hemisphere; European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere food to Europe
C
Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the New World
D
European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere
E
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

D
An extensive governmental bureaucracy

Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450—1750 ?
A
The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy
B
The creation of overseas colonial holdings
C
Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues
D
An extensive governmental bureaucracy

D
Both empires were religiously and culturally diverse.

The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire before 1700 C.E. shared which of the following characteristics?
A
Both empires were able to expand without meeting strong resistance.
B
Both empires formally restricted foreign trade.
C
Both empires were ruled by a single religious official.
D
Both empires were religiously and culturally diverse.

C
Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items.

World Economy Theory

A
Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa

World Economy Theory

A
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology

Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?
A
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
B
Lack of European interest in African goods
C
Directives from the pope to limit trade between Christians and Africans
D
Fear of death from tropical diseases

D
The formation of new identities as part of the restructuring of social hierarchies

[Testimony by the creole (European-ancestry) members of a lay religious brotherhood in the town of San Juan Peribán.]
"Cristobál Bernal was elected chair of our brotherhood by a margin of only two votes. Most votes in Bernal's favor came from mulatto and mestizo brothers. However