Particles & Atoms

Will a balloon that has been rubbed on a jumper stick to the wall? Why?

Electrons will be transferred from the jumper to the balloon, making the balloon negatively charged. When the balloon is near the wall, it induces opposite charges in the wall, creating an attractive force.

explain how positive and negative electrostatic charges are produced on materials by the loss and gain of electrons

Electrostatic charges form when rubbing two insulators transfers electrons between them. The material gaining electrons becomes negatively charged, while the one losing them becomes positively charged.

How can electrostatic charges be a danger?

As fuel flows through the filler pipe, static electricity can build up. In flammable places inside the fuel tank, a spark from the static discharge can ignite the fuel, leading to an explosion.

State 2 uses of static electricity

Inkjet printers:Static electricity is used- to attract charged ink droplets onto paper, forming images or texts.

Photocopier: Static electricity is used to transfer toner particles onto a charged drum, which then prints an image into a paper.

Why will heating a system change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produce changes of state

Heating a system increases the energy of its particles, making them move faster and raising the temperature. If the energy is high enough, it can cause a change of state (e.g., melting or boiling), which requires additional energy.

Describes what occurs when:

-melting

-boiling

Melting: Particles gain energy, vibrate more, and break free from their fixed positions, allowing the solid to become a liquid.

Boiling: All particles gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces, turning the liquid into a gas at the boiling point.

arrangement and motion of particles?

• Solids: Particles are closely packed in a fixed, regular arrangement and only vibrate in place.

• Liquids: Particles are close together but in a random arrangement, moving around each other.

• Gases: Particles are far apart, move randomly and quickly in all directions.

What needs to happen for particles of a liquid escape and become gas particles?

-They need to be traveling in the right direction, fast enough and need to overcom the attractive forces ofother particles.