ap world history - unit 2: semester 1

what does sub-sahara mean?

means below the sahara

what did the silk road do?

improved commercial practices led to an increase in the volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes

what are some powerful new trade cities that grew?

x’ian, kashgar, and samarkand

x’ian >

over in Chang’an and located in east china

kashgar >

found dinosaur remains here, western china

samarkand >

present day uzbekistan and its as old as rome and greece

why was samarkand so popular?

it was in the middle of the silk road

what religion spread in samarkand because of the silk roads?

islam

silk road >

overland trade route across asia (consists of multiple roads)

bactrian camels >

were important to transport good and they could carry 300-400 pounds and they have two humps

what what what encouraged by innovations?

interregional trade, including forms of credit and the development of money economies

bills of exchange >

paper that the banking house give that someone deposits when traveling and the money is transferred to another banking houses so that money is safe

banking houses >

precursor to a modern bank (deposit and withdraw)

paper money >

originated in 800 C.E. in China (much lighter to carry)

coin money >

silver, gold and originated in Turkey in 500 B.C.E.

caravanserai >

inns along trade route, similar to a motel

what was encouraged by innovations in transportation?

trade

what did Chinese, Persian and Indian artisans/merchants expand the production of?

textiles (silk) and porcelains for export

silk roads vs sea roads >

• silk roads > limited amount of luxury goods that are more expensive

• sea roads > buying in bulk for less

what is mongol?

largest land empire

chingis khan >

united pastoral and nomadic clan to conquer parts of Eurasia through siege warfare and superior archery and horseback skills

pastoral >

raise animals; NOT FARMERS

nomad >

move around a lot

siege warfare >

catapulted things into the city and surrounded it from the outside and destroyed it (or until the city surrendered)

what were the mongols were good at?

archery and they could shoot while they were riding a SMALL horse

what did Chinggis Khans grandsons establish?

mongol khanates

what are the mongol khanates?

• yuan dynasty in china

• golden horde in russia

• Ilkhanate in Persia

yuan dynasty in china >

territory (the great khanate) the song dynasty are defeated by the mongols and this dynasty will replace them (modern day china)

khanbalik >

means city of khan

khubelia khan >

leader of the yuan

what did the Khanates govern with?

cultural inclusions and religious tolerance and trade routes were safer and trade was revitalized along the silk roads

golden horde >

located in russia and they conquered the kive (burned it down)

once kiev (the capital) is destroyed, what goes to moscow?

power

Ilkhanate >

located in russia, conquered the abbasid sulfate in 1258

what do the mongols seize in Ilkhanate?

baghdad

what do the mongols do to baghdad in persia?

they burn down the house of wisdom and kill the caliph

how do the mongols kill the caliph and why is this so important?

they rolled him in carpet and trappled him with horses and this is important because their caliph is a successor to muhamad

what happens with the caliph dies?

the golden age of islam ends

pax mongolica >

mongols control the silk roads and they make it safe and there is a increase in trade

what did the mongols do in regarde to religion?

they don’t force religion onto others and show religious tolerance

who did chinggis khan worship?

Tengri (mongolian sky god)

to the mongols, where did everything take place?

under the sky

what is an example of religious tolerance during the mongol rule?

yuan were mongols and they practiced buddhism

what was a downside of mongols making the silk road safe?

rats spread fleas and disease with them

what were important cultural transfers to the mongols?

greco-islamic medical knowledge, new number system, and uyghur script

uyghurs >

muslim from far western china in a providence called xinjiang

how to the mongols and uyghurs write?

vertically