ASSH53: SIGNIFICANCE AND FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Social Science

The scientific study of social, cultural, psychological, economic, and political forces that guide individuals in their actions.

Enlightenment

The history of the social sciences begins in the Age of _ after 1650.

after 1650

The history of the social sciences begins in the Age of Enlightenment _ _.

Social Sciences

Developed from the sciences (experimental and applied), or the systematic knowledge-bases or prescriptive practices, relating to the social improvement of a group of interacting entities.

Positivism

Social science was influenced by _.

August Comte

He used the term “science sociale” to describe the field, taken from the ideas of Charles Fourier.

Science Sociale

Auguste Comte used the term “_ _” to describe the field, taken from the ideas of Charles Fourier.

Charles Fourier

Auguste Comte used the term “science sociale” to describe the field, taken from the ideas of _ _.

Social Physics

Comte also referred to social sciences as _ _.

August Comte

He also referred to social sciences as social physics.

August Comte

He is known as the Father of Sociology.

Emile Durkheim

Proposed the idea of structural functionalism.

Karl Marx

Proponent of communism.

Proletariat

Work for all.

Bourgeoisie

They control the economy as wealthy capitalists.

Max Weber

He noticed that religious countries are the least successful.

Max Weber

He studied Calvinism.

Society

Refers to ‘a system of interrelationships which connects individuals together.’

Society

A ‘common habitat’ or environment within which members of a society depend on one another for survival and well-being.

Society

Refers to a group of people who share a culture and a territory.

Socialization

Affects the overall cultural practices of a society and shape one’s self-image.

Social Science, society

(1) _ _ focus on the study of society and the relationship among individuals within (2) _ .

Natural Science

Concerned with the natural environment in which human beings exist.

Natural Science

It includes such sciences as physics and chemistry.

Natural Science

It also includes the biological sciences, which deal with living things.

Life Science and Physical Science

2 branches of Natural Science

Humanities

Refers to the study of the ways in which the human experience is processed and documented.

Humanities

Encompasses the field of philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history, and language.

Liberal Arts

Humanities is also known as _ _.

Humanities

It is also known as Liberal Arts.

Humanities

Emerged in the 15th century.

Humanities

Involves a more of a scientific approach.

Humanities

Deemed to be more philosophical and concerned with heritage and the question of what makes us human.

Humanities

A comprised application of an interpretative methodology.

Social Science

Influenced by and developed after the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution.

Social Science

Involves application of an empirical, rational, and objective methodology to present facts.

Empirical

Based on what we can see/observe.

History

The study of past events.

History

It is a systematic attempt to learn about and verify past events and to relate them to one another and to the present.

Historia

History came from the Greek word _.

Historia

It means “to inquire.”

• History as a process

• History as a Social Science

Dalawang kategorya ng history.

E.H Carr

Para sa historyador na si _ _, ang history ay mabibigyang-kahulugan sa dalawang kategorya: history as a process at history as social science.

History is a process

_ _ _ _ which happens whether human beings are aware of it or not, and whether records about it are consciously made or not.

History as a social science

_ _ _ _ _ is the study on the inquiry that the historian makes about these broad social processes in their cultural, temporal, and spatial context.

Positibismo

Kanluraning paniniwala na ang kasaysayan ay nakabatay sa mga empirikal na ebidensya.

History

No records, no _.

Records

No _, no history.

1. kasaysayan

2. saysay

3. salinlahi

Ang (1) _ ay mga salaysay na may (2) _ sa sinasalaysayang (3) _.

Zeus Salazar

Ayon sa kanya, “ang kasaysayan ay mga salaysay na may saysay sa sinasalaysay ang salinlahi.”

Pantayong Pananaw

Isinusulat ang kasaysayan ng Pilipino sa punto de bistang Pilipino, para sa mga Pilipino.

Pantayong Pananaw

Mula sa atin, para sa atin.

Pankaming Pananaw

Isinusulat ang kasaysayan ng Pilipino sa punto de bistang Pilipino, para sa mga banyaga.

Pankaming Pananaw

Mula sa atin, para sa kanila.

Pansilang Pananaw

Mula sa kanila, para sa kanila.

Pansilang Pananaw

Isinusulat ang kasaysayan ng Pilipino sa punto de bistang banyaga, para sa mga banyaga.

Primary Source

Mga ebidensya o impormasyon na nagmula mismo sa panahon ng pangyayari o mula sa mga taong direktang nakaranas o nakasaksi nito.

Pangunahing Sanggunian

Ang primary source kilala rin bilang _ _.

Secondary Source

Mga sangguniang ginawa pagkatapos ng isang pangyayari at nakabatay sa pagsusuri, interpretasyon, o pagbubuod ng mga primary source.

Sekondaryang Batis

Ang secondary source ay kilala rin bilang _ _.

Tertiary Source

Mga sangguniang nagbubuod, nag-iipon, o nag-oorganisa ng impormasyon mula sa primary at secondary sources.

Tersaryang Batis

Ang tertiary source ay kilala rin bilang _ _.

Tertiary Source

Hindi ito nagbibigay ng bagong pagsusuri o orihinal na pananaliksik—kundi “pinadaling bersyon” ng kaalaman.

Panloob at Panlabas na Kritisismo

Dalawang uri ng pagsusuri sa batis o source.

Panloob na Kritisismo

Pagsusuri sa layunin ng may-akda.

Panloob na Kritisismo

Pagsusuri sa biases o interes na ipinahihiwatig ng may-akda.

Panlabas na Kritisismo

Pagsusuri sa awtentisidad ng dokumento.

Panlabas na Kritisismo

Porma, ayos, pisikal na anyo ng dokumento.

Panlabas na Kritisismo

Paggamit ng pantulong na disiplina sa pagsusuri.

Historiograpiya

Pag-aaral ng paraan ng pagsulat, pagdodokumento, at pagbibigay-kahulugan sa kasaysayan.

Historiograpiya

Pag-aaral sa magkaibang paglalarawan ng dalawang historyador sa iisang pangyayari dahil sa kanilang mga sanggunian, pananaw, o panahon na kanilang kinabibilangan.

Historical Nuance

Maliliit ngunit mahalagang pagkakaiba, detalye, o konteksto sa kasaysayan na nakakaapekto sa tamang pag-unawa ng isang pangyayari.

Periodisasyon

Proseso ng paghahati ng kasaysayan sa iba't ibang yugto o panahon.

Ancient/Pre-Colonial Philippines

Before 1521/1565/1572

Period of Spanish Colonialism

1521/1565/1572—1898

The Philippine Revolution

1896—1913

The Filipino-American War

1899—1913

Period of American Colonial Rule

1898—1946

The Philippine Commonwealth Government

1935—1941

The Japanese Occupation

1941—1945

Third Republic

1946—1972

Period of Dictatorship, Restoration of Democracy, to present

1972—1986—present

Historical Revision

Nagkakaroon ng pagrerebisa ng kasaysayan kung may bagong ebidensiyang nadiskubre, kung may bagong interpretasyong lumalabas, at bagong facts.

Luisa Camagay

Ika ni _ _, sa historical revision, nagkakaroon ng pagrerebisa ng kasaysayan kung may bagong ebidensiyang nadiskubre.

Historical Distortion

Sinasadyang baliin, baguhin ang kasaysayan upang bumuo ng bagong naratibo na magsisilbi sa personal na interes.

Historical Denialism

Tuluyang namang binubura ang isang yugto ng kasaysayan upang pagmukain na hindi naganap ang isang historikal na pangyayari.