energy barrier im an energy carrier ima buy her a chandelier and go into the atmosphere im protected from evil its in the air be my barrier all my shoes are from gucci they cost 400 im standing here im like water im very clear mix the water with everclear cause i miss you youre never here but im gaurded i never fear underamour and nike gear im sky walker i dissappear handle power like engineer theres invisible spirits here watch them fall in the sunlight sunbathe in the sunlight make em enter the shadowland if they only have 1 life

energy barrier im an energy carrier ima buy her a chandelier and go into the atmosphere im protected from evil its in the air be my barrier all my shoes are from gucci they cost 400 im standing here im like water im very clear mix the water with everclear cause i miss you youre never here but im gaurded i never fear underamour and nike gear im sky walker i dissappear handle power like engineer theres invisible spirits here watch them fall in the sunlight sunbathe in the sunlight make em enter the shadowland if they only have 1 life

Which of the following is a question about physiology?

How is blood pressure affected by physical activity?

Most cells are microscopic because at this small size, _______

the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell?

Populations of cells in a multicellular body can be specialized for specific function

Interstitial fluid is _________

the fluid that fills the spaces between cells

Food processing and the absorption and distribution of nutrients within your body are mainly accomplished by the __________ systems.

digestive and circulatory

Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts

endocrine system ... thyroid gland

Complete the following word association: Albatross is to organism as intestine is to _________

organ

A columnar epithelial cell probably has what function?

absorption and secretion

Which of the following are types of cell found in epithelial tissues?

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells

Where in the body would you be most likely to find secretory cells shaped like dice?

lining glandular tissue of the thyroid and salivary glands

Which of the following tissues bind and support other tissues in the body?

connective tissues

Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample was probably taken from __________.

cartilage

Plasma, a fluid containing water, salts, and dissolved proteins, is the extracellular matrix of __________

blood

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?

bone

Ligaments are a type of ______

fibrous connective tissue

Cells that secrete the proteins that make cartilage strong yet flexible are called ______

chondrocytes

Ligaments connect __________ to ________

bones ... bones

Which of the following is a list of connective tissues?

adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

Bone-forming cells are called ________

osteoblasts

blasts vs cytes vs clasts

build

maintain

break

"Striated" is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue?

muscle

Myosin and actin are __________

proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction

A neuron consists of many components. Name three

cell body, dendrites, and axon

The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control physiological processes in most animals

nervous ... endocrine

Which of the following statements is/are true of hormones?

They are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body.

They are relatively slow-acting compared to nerve impulses.

They act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone.

They are distributed by the bloodstream.

define endocrine system

body system that make and release hormone into blood

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nervous system but not the endocrine system?

Communication usually involves more than one type of signal.

Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis?

Elevated blood CO₂ stimulates faster breathing, which rids the body of excess CO₂.

Which of the following is a function of your circadian rhythm?

Your body temperature rises and falls every day.

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO₂ rises sharply. But the CO₂ in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO₂ production is balanced by an increased rate of CO₂ removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are ________

negative ... acting to oppose the increase of CO₂ from the set point or normal range

What kind of feedback most directly maintains homeostasis? Why is this?

negative, because it tends to keep a system at a desirable set point or normal range

By definition, an ectotherm __________.

obtains most of its heat from its environment

The term endotherm refers specifically to _________

an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism

Which statement is true regarding thermoregulation?

Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do marine mammals.

The wolf, his coat glowing in the early spring sunshine, sat atop a cold boulder after unsuccessfully pursuing a plump jackrabbit. He continued to pant while __________

heat radiated from his tired body

It is a cold day in the lecture hall. When you rest your arm on the cool laminated desktop at your seat, heat is transferred _________

from your body to the desk by conduction

During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.

hypothalamus ... higher

On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin _________

constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface

Which of the following statements is true?

When your body temperature is too high, sweating helps to correct the situation because it lowers the metabolic rate by dumping toxic ions.

When your body temperature is too low, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it conserves heat in the body core.

When your body temperature is too high, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it redirects heat from the body core to the outside.

When your body temperature is too low, shivering helps to correct the situation because it lowers the metabolic rate and conserves blood sugar.

When your body temperature is too high, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it redirects heat from the body core to the outside.

Sweating _________

helps the body thermoregulate

Which of the following is a description of a behavior that helps warm the body

A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter.

In the late fall, bats hibernate in clusters with many bats pressed together and holding on to one another. Which of the following statements does NOT represent an advantage of this behavior?

Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed.

In most animals, food is digested by __________, __________ are absorbed by body cells, and most energy-containing molecules are used to generate __________.

enzymatic hydrolysis ... nutrients ... ATP

The amount of energy expended while an endothermic organism is resting, unstressed, and not actively digesting or growing is called its __________

basal metabolic rate

Which of the following animals would you expect to consume food at the highest rate (kilograms of food per kilogram of body weight per day)?

shrew

metabolic rates ____ for ___ organisms and during intense physical activity

are higher, smaller

During the night, the dormouse forages and eats, but during the day, its body temperature and heart rate drop significantly. This is an example of what physiological process?

torpor

process where metabolism is slowed temporaily

torpor

define tissue

group of similar cells working together

define organ

different tissues working to do a specific job

define organ system

group of organs working together to perform a major body function

A single layer of cells are referred to as ___________________________ .

________

simple epithelium

Multiple layers of cells are referred to as ____________________

stratified epithelium

types of tissue

epithelial

connective

muscle

nervous

cuboidal epithelium location

kidney tubules, glands, ducts

cuboidal epithelium function

secretion and absorption

simple squamous epithelium location

air sac of lungs, blood vessel linings

simple squamous function

diffusion and filtration

simple columnar location

digestive tract (intestines)

simple columnar function

absorption and secretion

stratified squamous location

vagina, esophagus, mouth

stratified squamous function

protect from friction (damage)

Loose CT locatin

under skin, around organs

Loose CT function

hold tissues / organs in place

-cushion / support

Loose CT drawing

scattered cells with loose wavy fibers between

Fibrous CT drawing

thick, paralleled wavy fibers closely together

Fibrous CT location

tendons and ligaments

Fibrous CT function

strong attachment, connects muscles to bones

Bone tissue drawing

circular rings, tree like

Bone location

skeleton

Bone tissue function

Support, protection, mineral storage

Adipose tissue drawing

bubble, nuclei pushed to side

Adipose location

under skin, around organ

Adipose function

store fat/energy, insulation, cushion

Cartilage location

nose

ear

joint

between vertebrae

Cartilage drawing

oval, cloudy like

Cartilage function

flexible support

cushion

Blood drawing

small red circles + some larger white cell

blood location

inside vessels and heart

blood function

transport oxy nutrient waste

Skeletal muscle drawing

pink bands with striations many nuclei

skeletal muscle location

attached to bones

skeletal muscle function

voluntary movement to move skeleton

smooth muscle drawing

spindle wavy shaped cells no stripes 1 nuclei each

smooth muscle location

stomach bladder intestines

smooth muscle function

involuntary movement

-pushes materials through organs

cardiac muscle drawing

thick branching cells

cardiac muscle location

heart

cardiac muscle function

involuntary contraction

-pumps blood

Which of these muscle cells are multi-nucleated? _________________

Which of these muscle cells are multi-nucleated? _________________

skeletal muscle

Which of these muscle cells are striated (visible bands by the microscope?

__________________________ _________________________

skeletal / cardiac

how to distinguish skeletal vs cardiac

cardiac has INTERCALATED DISCS

neuron drawing

cell body w axon terminal dendrite schwann etc

neuron location

brain spinal cord nerve

neuron function

receive and send electrical signal / messages

glia drawing

support cell around neurons (glia schwann oligo)

glial cells function

support, protect, nourish, insulate

layers of skin top down

clgsb

corneum number of cells

20-30+