Bio 315 Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

The proton motive force can

• Provide energy to rotate flagella

• Interact with F1F0-ATPase to create ATP

• Provide energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient

• Provide energy to pump out antibiotics using efflux pumps

H2O/ Oxic

Aerobes

Sub-oxic anaerobic

Manganese reducters

Sulfidic

Sulfate reducers

Methanic

Methanogens

NADH+H

The strongest electron donor that was discussed in our module is NADH+H whereas the strongest electron acceptor is pyruvateabrC

Carbon fixation requires both ATP and NADPH+H. These are respectively produced by:

Photosystem II and I

Protons are pumped across the membrane when A) ____ retinal is converted to B) _____ retinal.

A. Trans

B. Cis

In the Z pathway of Oxygenic photosynthesis:

• Water is split to form oxygen gas

• Photosystems I and II are both required

• Electrons from water flow through electron transport chains resulting in synthesdis of ATP and NADPH

When pyruvate is converted to lactate, pyruvate is A) ____ and NADH+H is B) _____

A. Reduced

B. Oxidized

Methanogens directly create methane from CO2 and H2CO3

CO2

Charge and pH gradient

6 protons in the periplasm; 2 protons in the cytoplasm

Charge gradient only

4 potassiums and 2 protons in the periplasm; 2 protons in the cytoplasm

pH gradient only

6 protons in the periplasm; 4 potassiums and 2 protons in the cytoplasm

The production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate as protons enter the bacterial cytoplasm from the periplasm space through a membrane-bound ATP synthase is an example of:

Oxidative phosphorylation

Symport

Same direction as proton movement

Antiport

Opposite direction

What are the 4 complexes of Mitochondrial Respiratory ETS

1. Electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q

2. Electrons from FADH2 to Coenzyme Q

3. Coenzyme Q to Cytochrome C

4. Cytochrome C to O2

Organotroph

Organic compounds are electrons donors

Lithotroph

Inorganic compounds are electron donors

Phototroph

Electrons excited by photons

Chemotrophs

electrons obtained from highly reduced molecules

Autotrophs

Performs carbon fixation

Heterotroph

Depends on other organisms to fix carbon into sugar

What cell type is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane

Human cells

What cell type is located in the PLASMA membrane

Gram (+) positive bacteria

What cell type is located in the INNER membrane

Gram (-) negative bacteria

Electron passage energy must be captured by:

Cell cytoplasm

What is the formula for PMF

Δp = Δψ - 60ΔpH

After being energized to a higher energy state in a chlorophyll molecule a high energy electron leaves the chlorophyll molecule and enters the photosynthetic electron transport system. When an electron leaves a chlorophyll molecule, what must happen before the chlorophyll molecule can be used again?

The electron-deficient chlorophyll must have its electron replaced