DDC Human Orientation PT.1

Anatomy

the study of the structure, or physical form, of the body.

Ana

apart

Tomy

to cut

Structure determines function

the way something is arranged enables it to play its role and fulfill its job within a living thing.

Gross Anatomy

also called “macroscopic anatomy” is the study of structures visible to the naked eye, often through dissection.

Microscopic Anatomy

the study of structures that cannot be seen without a microscope, focusing on tissues and cells.

Physiology

Study of how the body and body parts work/function.

Physio

nature

Logy

study of

Chemical

smallest level of the organization (atoms) they form into molecules and compounds that make up cells.

Cellular

relating to the structure and function of cells, which are the basic unit of life. These processes include cell division, metabolism, and communication.

Tissues

groups of similar cells that work together to perform specific functions in an organism.

epithelial tissue

a type of tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, lines cavities and organs, and forms glands. It plays roles in protection, secretion, and absorption.

connective tissue

a type of tissue that supports, binds together, and protects other tissues and organs in the body. It includes various subtypes such as bone, adipose, blood, and cartilage.

muscular tissue

a type of tissue responsible for producing force and causing motion. It is classified into three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

nervous tissue

a type of tissue that transmits electrical signals throughout the body, allowing for communication between different body parts. It comprises neurons and supporting cells called glial cells.

Organs

two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions in the body.

Organ System

a group of organs that work together.

muscular system

enables movement and posture (consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles)

integumentary system

regulates body temperature and protects body (consists of skin, hair, and nails)

nervous system

controls body activities by sending signals (consists of brain, nerves, and spinal cord)

digestive system

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste (consists of stomach, mouth, small and large intestine)

cardiovascular system

transports oxygen and nutrients through blood (consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels)

urinary system

also called excretory system, removes waste and excess water (consists of bladder, uterus, urethra, and kidney)

respiratory system

provides oxygen and removes deoxygenated blood (consists of lungs, nose, and trachea)

lymphatic system

also called “immune system” combats disease (consists of lymphatic nodes and lymphatic vessels)

endocrine system

produces hormones to regulate body function (consists of thyroid gland, pancreas, and pituitary gland)

skeletal system

supports body and protects organs (consists of bones, joints, and cartilage)

reproductive system

allows organism to produce offspring (consists of testes and ovaries)

8 Human Function that humans must perform to maintain life

• maintaining boundaries

• movement

• digestion

• metabolism

• excretion

• responsiveness (irritability)

• reproduction

• growth

5 survival needs of the Human Body

• nutrients

• oxygen

• water

• normal body temp

• atmospheric pressure