IELTS READING

soar

rises very quickly, surge

aggravate 

make something worse 

worsen 

innovate

introduce new things, ideas or ways of doing something

a scramble for sth

a situation in which people push, fight or compete with each other in order to get or do something

underpin sth

to support, reinforce sth (or support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.)

sheer

used to emphasize the size, degree or amount of something (vô cùng lớn)

in abundance

in large quantities

marvelous

extremely good; wonderful

properties (formal)

qualities or characteristic that something has

mouldable/ moldable

easy to bend without breaking (có thể tạo hình được)
~ pliable, flexible 

thermal

heat-related, temperature-related

medieval

/mediˈiːvl/

connected with the Middle Ages (about AD 1000 to AD 1450) => ancient, historical, old-fashioned 

turn to sb/ sth

to go to somebody/something for help, advice, etc.

emergence

rise (n), sự nổi lên, sự xuất hiện

straightforward

easy to do or to understand; not complicated

absorb

soak up, take in
take in and hold liquid/gas => hấp thụ

susceptible to sth

vulnerable, very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by something

be prone to sth

dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi một điều gì đó, có xu hướng,…(thường tiêu cực) 

not to mention

besides, in addition to, apart from 

adhesive

chất kết dính

concern

to be about sth

iron ore

quặng sắt

incorporate sth into sth

to include something so that it forms a part of something

durability

strength, sturdiness, resilience

primitive 

belonging to an early stage in the development of humans or animals 
=> nguyên thuỷ 

evolve (from sth into sth)

develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form

miniaturized

made as a much smaller version of something

inherit

thừa hưởng (nét mặt, đặc điểm, gia sản,..), kế thừa

reservoir

tank, storage
a place in an engine or a machine where a liquid is kept before it is used

replenishment

the act of making something full again by replacing what has been used
- refilling, renewal

shortcoming

limitation, deficiency

self-propelled

tự di chuyển
self-moving

carriage 

coach, car, wagon 
a road vehicle

shuttle sb

to carry people between two places that are close

backfire

to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results; go wrong

phase sth out 

to stop using something, discontinue

comprise

include, consist of

wrecked

damaged, destroyed, demolished

reconfigure

rearrange, reorganize

draw attention to sth

make ppl notice sth

be superior to sb/ sth

better in quality than somebody/something else; greater than somebody/something else

virtual

• almost, so that any slight difference is not important

• ảo (computer)

emit

/iˈmɪt/

• thải ra

feat

​an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage

một kỳ công

eliminate 

to remove or get rid of something

ignite

start to burn; to make something start to burn

handful of sb/ sth

(countable)

• the amount of something that can be held in one hand => một nắm

• a small number of people or things

erratic

unpredictable, irregular, inconsistent
thất thường

sluggish 

moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal

….traffic: slow traffic

viable

that will be successful; feasible, practicable

khả thi

negligible

/ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl/

minimal, insignificant

tinker with sth

to make small changes to something in order to repair or improve it, especially in a way that may not be helpful

fold

go out of business, close business because it is not successful

adamant 

determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about something; resolute

astonishingly

surprisingly, remarkably

pose 

present, create (create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with)

unthinkable

unimaginable, impossible