Biology

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Last updated 2:40 PM on 9/9/26
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112 Terms

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stigma
柱头
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stamens
雄蕊
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filament
花丝
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plumule
胚芽
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scrotum
阴囊
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acrosome
顶体
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flagellum
鞭毛
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follicle
卵泡
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umbilical cord
脐带
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amniotic sac
羊膜囊
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vesicle

囊泡

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ultrafiltration

超滤

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chromatids

染色单体

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centromere

着丝粒

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spindle

纺锤体 (在细胞分裂中形成的结构,用于拉动染色体到细胞的两极)

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alleles

等位基因 (位于一对同源染色体相同位置上、控制同一种性状的不同形式的基因)

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heterozygous

杂合的 (一个细胞核中同时存在这两个等位基因,那么该细胞在该性状上是杂合的)

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homozygous

纯合的 (同源染色体对中的两条染色体都携带相同的等位基因,那么该细胞是纯合的)

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genotype

基因型

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phenotype

表型

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dominant gene

显性基因

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Recessive gene

隐性基因

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alternative alleles

替代等位基因

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Albinism

白化病

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Codominance

共显性

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Trachea

气管

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bronchus / bronchi

支气管

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bronchiole

细支气管

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cartilage

软骨

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diaphragm

隔膜

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external intercostal muscles

肋间外肌 (收缩吸气,放松呼气)

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rib

肋骨

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lymphocytes

淋巴细胞 (产生抗体)

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phagocyte

吞噬细胞 (吞噬(engulf)病原体)

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trypsin

胰蛋白酶

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oestrogen

雌激素 (第一个峰,短暂下降,第二个峰)

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progesterone

孕激素 (持续升高后下降)

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involuntary reflex

非条件反射(先天)

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genetic variation

遗传变异

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extinction

灭绝

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mutation

突变

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cortex

皮质(植物,肾)

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ureter

输尿管

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herbivores

食草动物

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carnivores

食肉动物

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deamination

脱氨作用(去除含氮部分,形成尿素)

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assimilation

同化(蛋白质的转化或合成)

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apes

猿类

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phototropism

向光性

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flaccid

松弛

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turgid

浮肿

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arthropod

节肢动物

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arachnids

蛛形纲动物

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crustaceans

甲壳类动物

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myriapods

多足类动物

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scurvy

坏血病(缺维生素C)

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amylase

淀粉酶

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eutrophication

富营养化

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pest

害虫

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leukaemia

白血病

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hair erector muscle

竖毛肌

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Vaccination

接种疫苗

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hydrophyte

水生植物

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plasmid

质粒

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monitor

监测

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polypeptide

多肽

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specialised

分化

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sepal

萼片

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axon

轴突

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myelin

髓鞘(包裹轴突绝缘并加速)

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dendrites

树突

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platelets

血小板

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lactic acid

乳酸(无氧呼吸会产生)

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portal vein

肝门静脉

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maltose

麦芽糖

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acetylcholine

最常见的neurotransmitter

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left atrium

左心房

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left ventricle

左心室

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vena cava

下腔静脉(将缺氧血液送到右心房)

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Coronary arteries

冠状动脉(心脏旁边那些小的动脉分支)

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dimple

凹陷(红细胞的中心)

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evolution

进化

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Amphibians

两栖动物

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waxy cuticle

蜡质角质层(叶子表面)

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transpiration

蒸腾作用

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cornea

角膜

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cerebral cortex

大脑皮层(语言,记忆,意识)

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cerebellum

小脑(平衡,动作)

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medulla

延髓(心跳,呼吸频率)

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renal tubules

肾小管

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vascular bundle

维管束(xylem和phloem在的structure)

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epithelial cells

上皮细胞

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Adhesion
粘附
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Capillary action

毛细作用(液体在狭窄空间中因粘附力和内聚力自动逆重力上升的现象)

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Cohesion

内聚(水分子和同种水分子之间的吸引力(靠氢键)

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Cohesion-tension theory

内聚-张力理论(解释水在木质部中向上运输的理论(蒸腾产生拉力,内聚力保持水柱不断)

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Hydrophilic
亲水的
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Hydrophobic
疏水的
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Phospholipid bilayer
磷脂双分子层
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Specific heat capacity

比热容(升高1g物质1℃所需的热量。水的这个值极高,有"恒温"效果)