Chemistry Exam Review - Bonding, Periodic Table, Reactions & Quantitative Chemistry

Vocabulary flashcards covering ionic and covalent bonding, periodic table trends, bond energy calculations, stoichiometry, redox agents, and acid-base ionization principles.

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge.

Magnesium Ion Configuration and Charge

Forms a shell configuration of 2,8 by losing 2 electrons, resulting in a charge of +2 ($Mg^{2+}$).

Chlorine Ion Configuration and Charge

Forms a shell configuration of 2,8,8 by gaining 1 electron, resulting in a charge of -1 ($Cl^-$).

Bond Energy

The amount of energy required to break one mole of a specific covalent bond in a gaseous substance.

Exothermic Reaction (Bond Energy Context)

A chemical reaction in which the total energy released during bond formation is greater than the total energy required for bond breaking.

H-H Bond Energy

$$436\,kJ\,mol^{-1}$$

Cl-Cl Bond Energy

$$243\,kJ\,mol^{-1}$$

H-Cl Bond Energy

$$431\,kJ\,mol^{-1}$$

Alkali Metals Group Number

Group 1

Halogens Group Number

Group 17 (or Group 7)

Noble Gases Group Number

Group 18 (or Group 8 / Group 0)

Magnesium Oxide Bond Type and Formula

An ionic compound with the formula $MgO$, formed by ionic bonding between magnesium and oxygen.

Carbon and Chlorine Compound Formula and Bond Type

A covalent compound with the formula $CCl_4$, formed by covalent bonding between carbon and chlorine.

Reaction of Magnesium with Steam

$$Mg(s) + H_2O(g) \rightarrow MgO(s) + H_2(g)$$

Reducing Agent in $Mg(s) + H_2O(g) \rightarrow MgO(s) + H_2(g)$

$Mg(s)$, which loses electrons / gains oxygen during the reaction.

Oxidizing Agent in $Mg(s) + H_2O(g) \rightarrow MgO(s) + H_2(g)$

$H_2O(g)$, which provides oxygen / gains electrons during the reaction.

Molar Gas Volume at RTP

$$24\,dm^3\,mol^{-1}$$

Strong Acid vs. Weak Acid (Ionization)

A strong acid completely ionizes in aqueous solution, whereas a weak acid only partially ionizes in aqueous solution.