Physics Lecture Notes on Density and States of Matter

Flashcards covering key concepts in physics related to density, states of matter, internal energy, and specific latent heat.

Density

How tightly packed the particles of an object are, indicating mass for its given volume.

Solids

Materials with particles that are closely packed in a regular arrangement, resulting in high density.

Liquids

Materials with closely packed particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern, allowing them to move around each other.

Gases

Materials where particles have much more energy, are not arranged in any pattern, and are less dense than liquids.

Density equation

Density = mass/volume (p = m/V), where p is density in kg/m³, m is mass in kg, and V is volume in m³.

Internal energy

The total energy a system's particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores.

Specific Latent Heat

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without changing its temperature.

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion

The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a solid to a liquid.

Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization

The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a liquid to a gas.

Pressure and Volume Inverse Relationship

Pressure x Volume = constant; as volume increases, pressure decreases.