BIOL 1201 2nd exam study guide

A prokaryotic cell DOES have:

ribosomes

If you want to separate some cell nuclei from other parts of the cell, which technique would you use?

cellular fractionation

The size range for biological entities spans:

more than a billion fold

The shape of the nucleus is maintained by:

the nuclear lamina

Ribosomes are found in all of the following EXCEPT:

(animal cells,

plant cells,

bacteria,

peroxisomes,

mitochondria)

peroxisomes

Which of the following are like little cellular stomachs (bags filled with acid and digestive enzymes)?

(central vacuoles,

lysosomes,

peroxisomes,

Golgi apparatus,

this is a ridiculous analogy nothing in the cell is like this)

lysosomes

Biological polymers are synthesized via:

dehydration

Which of the following is not a polymer?

(protein,

cellulose,

DNA,

RNA,

fatty acid)

fatty acid

If the carbonyl group on a linear sugar is internal, that sugar is:

ketose

What is the most common 5 carbon sugar on the planet?

ribose

Which of the following is NOT true about amylose and glycogen?

(amylose is unbranched while glycogen is branched,

amylose is in plants while glycogen is in animals,

glycogen is made of glucose monomers while amylose is made of galactose monomers,

amylose and glycogen are both storage polysaccharides,

all the answers are true)

glycogen is made of glucose monomers while amylose is made of galactose monomers

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

(fat,

phospholipid,

peptide,

triglyceride,

steroid)

peptide

A trans fat has to have which of these properties?

(unsaturation,

a double bond,

incomplete hydrogenation,

a carbon-carbon backbone,

all of the above)

all of the above

How many charged amino acids are there?

5

Which of the following amino acids is the most hydrophobic?

(glycine,

tryptophan,

glutamic acid,

cysteine,

alanine)

tryptophan

Which amino acid has the side chain: -CH2-SH

cysteine

Which type of protein structure is almost completely stabilized by hydrogen bonds?

secondary structure

DNA and RNA are polymers, what are their monomers called?

nucleotides

The two strands of DNA are held together by

hydrogen bonds

Which part of DNA and RNA is charged?

the phosphate

The backbone sugar in RNA has an extra what?

oxygen

Which of these is similar to the endoplasmic reticulum?

(the cell membrane,

chloroplast thylakoids,

mitochondrial cristae,

Golgi apparatus,

all of the above)

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following does NOT have a double membrane?

(nucleus,

chloroplast,

peroxisome,

mitochondria,

all of these have double membranes)

peroxisome

Which of these is most similar to the mitochondrial matrix?

(smooth endoplasmic reticulum,

chloroplast stroma,

chromatin,

central vacuole,

Keanu Reeves)

chloroplast stroma

Which of the following is most similar to the mitochondrial cristae?

(endoplasmic reticulum,

nuclear envelope,

chloroplast stroma,

lysosomes,

Keanu Reeves)

endoplasmic reticulum

Many microtubules in cells grow out from the:

centrioles

Which of the following is a motor protein?

(actin,

myosin,

tubulin,

flagella,

all of the above)

myosin

Which of the following allows molecules to pass from one cell to another?

(tight junctions and desmosomes,

gap junctions and desmosomes,

gap junctions and plasmodesmata,

plasmodesmata and tight junctions,

Keanu Reeves)

gap junctions and plasmodesmata

What is the cell wall mostly made of?

cellulose

Which of the following cell structures is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids such as oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

(lysosomes,

smooth endoplasmic reticulum,

pinocytic vacuoles,

mitochondria,

ribosomes)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Cell membranes are made of:

phospholipids

The Singer-Nicholson Fluid Mosaic model of a membrane is incorrect because:

proteins are anchored inside and outside the cell

Which of the following does NOT change membrane fluidity?

(temperature,

unsaturation,

cholesterol,

saturation,

phospholipid charge)

phospholipid charge

If you hydrogenated the fatty acid chains in the phospholipid bilayer of a human cell, this will result in:

(a higher melting temperature,

higher viscosity,

decreased fluidity,

butter,

all but one of the answers is correct)

all but one of the answers is correct

A protein that goes all the way from one side of the membrane to the other is a:

integral protein

What is a glycoprotein?

a protein attached to sugar

Which of the following should go through a membrane on its own, without help from a protein?

(sodium ions,

protons (H+),

ATP,

free amino acids,

steroids)

steroids

Diffusion through an ion channel and down a concentration gradient is known as:

passive transport

Osmosis means water moves toward:

higher solute concentration

You put a liver cell in a solution in a beaker. The cell swells up and bursts. This is because the solution was:

hypotonic

What kind of membrane protein do you need to make a membrane gradient?

pump protein

Which of the following moves more ions across the membrane faster?

(the sodium channel,

the sodium-potassium pump,

the sucrose carrier,

aquaporins,

all of the above work equally fast)

the sodium channel

Phagocytosis: Pinocytosis: Receptor Mediated Endocytosis -- correspond in the same order to:

food, water, cell surface proteins

Most of these are able to both increase and decrease membrane fluidity - which one can only increase fluidity?

(changes in temperature,

adding cholesterol,

changes in double bonding in the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids,

changes in hydrogenation of the fatty acid tails in the phospholipids,

all of these are able to both increase and decrease membrane fluidity)

all of these are able to both increase and decrease membrane fluidity

Which of the following statements is true?

(Only some eukaryotic cells have membranes,

Prokaryotic cells have membranes mostly made of triacylglycerides,

Different types of cells have different proteins in their membranes,

Phospholipids are found in most but not all cell membranes,

All of these are true)

Different types of cells have different proteins in their membranes

Your body making an amino acid that you did not directly eat would be an example of:

anabolic metabolism

Your body is highly organized - why does it not break the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

The most basic, fundamental measure/form of energy in living systems is: