Chapter 13 History

separated North and South Korea after the armistice that ended the Korean War

the DMZ (demilitarized zone)

Communist countries of Eastern Europe that were dependent on the Soviet Union

Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia (satellite nations)

general in charge of occupied Japan, fired by President Truman for insubordination

General Douglas MacArthur

type of American spy plane shot down by the Soviets in 1960

American U-2 spyplane

FBI director who urged HUAC to hold public hearings on Communist subversion

J Edgar Hoover

military alliance formed in Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union

Warsaw Pact

deadly radiation left over after a nuclear blast

nuclear fallout

seized by the Egyptians, who intended to use its profits to fund other projects

Suez Canal/Crisis

wrote the novel Tomorrow! to educate the public about the horrors of atomic war

Philip Wylie

drills performed by American school children in preparation for a Soviet attack.

"duck and cover" and other bomb drills

The United Nations was officially organized in 1945 with a Security Council responsible for international peace and security. The Security Council could ask its members to

use military force to uphold a UN resolution

To prevent developing nations from allying themselves with the Soviet Union or falling to Communist uprisings, President Eisenhower decided to use

covert operations

At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, President Harry Truman took a firm stand against heavy reparations and insisted that

Germany's industry had to be allowed to recover.

The informal relationship between the military and the defense industry that some people believe influences government policy, particularly military spending, is known as

a military-industrial complex

In 1946, what did Winston Churchill describe as an "iron curtain" falling across Eastern Europe?

the establishment of pro-Soviet Communist governments in Eastern Europe

Senator Joseph McCarthy created the media frenzy that began his anti-Communist witch hunt by

claiming he had a list of Communists employed by the U.S. State Department

In the document known as the Long Telegram, U.S. diplomat George Kennan expressed his opinion that the Soviet Union had major economic and political weaknesses and proposed a policy of

containment of Soviet expansion

The post-World War II Red Scare began in 1945, when a clerk in the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, Canada, defected and

turned over documents proving that Soviets were trying to infiltrate the U.S. government.

In response to Communist aggression in Greece and Turkey, President Truman outlined a policy known as the __________________________, which pledged the United States to fight the spread of communism worldwide.

truman doctrine

The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to

help Western Europe recover from World War II.

Compare the Truman Doctrine to the Marshall Plan.

Contained communism was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine. Communism was the newest threat of the world, and so we changed our foreign policy to contain it. The Korean and the Vietnam wars were fought to contain communism (use military)

The Marshall Plan is a spending package; the U.S. is going to invest our own money to European countries to lift them up and keep them from turning to communism. The U.S. spent $13 billion to financially get countries back up on their feet.

The Marshall Plan was an example of the Truman Doctrine.