IBS OSPE Anatomy Review Flashcards

A comprehensive vocabulary review of anatomical structures, planes, joints, organs, and embryological features for OSPE exam preparation.

Median plane (Sagittal plane)

The anatomical plane that divides the body vertically into right and left halves.

Coronal plane (Frontal plane)

The anatomical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Transverse plane (Horizontal plane)

The anatomical plane that divides the body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central main portion of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The expanded end of a long bone.

Patella

A sesamoid bone located in the knee region embedded within the quadriceps tendon.

Vertebra

An irregular bone forming part of the vertebral column.

Scapula

A flat bone located in the shoulder girdle.

Hip bone

An irregular bone forming part of the pelvic girdle.

Gomphosis

A peg-and-socket fibrous joint found between teeth and their alveolar sockets.

Inferior tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis)

A fibrous joint connecting the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.

Symphysis pubis

A secondary cartilaginous joint connecting the pubic bones.

Synovial membrane

The inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes lubricating synovial fluid into the joint cavity.

Fibrous capsule

The tough outer layer surrounding a synovial joint cavity.

Synovial fluid

The viscous lubricating fluid present inside a synovial joint cavity.

Shoulder joint

A multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint formed between the humerus and scapula.

Elbow joint

A uniaxial synovial hinge joint permitting flexion and extension.

Superior radioulnar joint

A synovial pivot joint allowing rotation during pronation and supination.

Bipennate

A muscle fiber architecture where fibers converge obliquely onto both sides of a central tendon.

Circumpennate

A pennate muscle fiber arrangement where fibers converge from all sides around a central tendon.

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat sheet of fibrous tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles.

Raphe

A fibrous seam or ridge created by the union of two symmetrical muscle structures.

SVC & IVC

Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava, major veins carrying deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Aorta

The largest systemic artery arising from the left ventricle of the heart.

Pulmonary veins

Blood vessels bringing oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.

Coronary vessels

Vessels supplying oxygenated blood to and draining blood from the heart muscle.

Nasopharynx

The uppermost portion of the pharynx located behind the nasal cavity.

Oropharynx

The region of the pharynx behind the oral cavity.

Laryngeopharynx

The lower portion of the pharynx located behind the larynx.

Eustachian tube

The auditory tube connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear.

Adenoids

Pharyngeal tonsils situated in the roof of the nasopharynx.

Trachea

The windpipe conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Right bronchus

The wider and more vertical primary bronchus leading into the right lung.

Left bronchus

The narrower, longer primary bronchus leading into the left lung.

Left lung Cardiac notch

An anterior concavity on the superior lobe of the left lung that accommodates the heart.

Right lung Transverse fissure

The horizontal fissure separating the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung.

Parotid gland

The largest salivary gland located anterior and inferior to the ear.

Submandibular gland

The salivary gland located under the floor of the mouth beneath the mandible.

Sublingual gland

The smallest major salivary gland located beneath the anterior portion of the tongue.

Stomach Cardiac end

The upper part of the stomach surrounding the esophagogastric junction.

Stomach Pyloric end

The distal portion of the stomach leading into the duodenum.

Stomach Greater curvature

The longer, convex outer border of the stomach.

2nd part duodenum

The descending segment of the duodenum containing the major duodenal papilla.

Small intestine Jejenum

The middle section of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum.

Small intestine Ileum

The final, distal segment of the small intestine.

Large intestine Ceacum

The pouch-like initial portion of the large intestine.

Large intestine Right colic flexure

The bend between the ascending colon and transverse colon.

Large intestine Left colic flexure

The bend between the transverse colon and descending colon.

Large intestine Taenia coli

Three narrow longitudinal muscle bands on the surface of the colon.

Common hepatic duct

The duct formed by the union of right and left hepatic ducts draining bile from the liver.

Common bile duct

The duct formed by the union of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct.

Tail of pancreas

The narrow left end of the pancreas pointing toward the spleen.

Cortex of kidney

The outer region of the renal parenchyma.

Medulla of kidney

The inner portion of the kidney containing renal pyramids.

Renal pelvis

The funnel-shaped upper expansion of the ureter inside the renal hilum.

Trigone of urinary bladder

A smooth triangular area on the internal posterior wall of the urinary bladder.

Prostatic urethra

The section of the male urethra surrounded by the prostate gland.

Membranous urethra

The segment of the male urethra passing through the urogenital diaphragm.

Penile urethra

The portion of the male urethra located within the corpus spongiosum of the penis.

Fallopian tube

The muscular tube conducting ova from the ovary to the uterus.

Vas deference

The duct conveying sperm from the epididymis toward the ejaculatory duct.

Ejaculatory duct

The short duct formed by the vas deferens and seminal vesicle duct.

Temporal lobe

A lateral cerebral lobe involved in memory, hearing, and language comprehension.

Frontal lobe

The anterior cerebral lobe involved in motor execution and executive functions.

Parietal lobe

The cerebral lobe responsible for processing somatosensory information.

Cerebellum

The brain region controlling posture, movement coordination, and balance.

Brain stem

The structure connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord consisting of midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Cerebellum Vermis

The central midline region connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres.

Dorsal horn

The posterior gray matter column of the spinal cord that receives sensory axons.

Dorsal root

The sensory root of a spinal nerve.

Ventral root

The motor root of a spinal nerve.

Ampulla of uterine tube

The widest part of the Fallopian tube where fertilization typically takes place.

Zona pellucida

The glycoprotein membrane layer surrounding an oocyte.

Primitive streak

A structure formed during early embryonic development that defines the longitudinal axis.

Wharton's Jelly

The gelatinous connective tissue matrix inside the umbilical cord.

Velamentous placenta

A placental anomaly where umbilical vessels attach to fetal membranes and branch before reaching the placenta.