BN5.006 Hydration (3)
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33 Terms
Q: What is the normal range for Sodium (Na⁺)?
A: 135–145 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Potassium (K⁺)?
A: 3.5–5.2 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Chloride (Cl⁻)?
A: 95–110 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Calcium (Ca²⁺)?
A: 2.1–2.55 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Magnesium (Mg²⁺)?
A: 0.7–1.0 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal Creatinine range for males and females?
A: Males: 60–105 mmol/L, Females: 45–90 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Urea?
A: 2.3–7.7 mmol/L
Q: What is the normal range for Phosphate?
A: 0.70–1.50 mmol/L
Q: What is hypovolaemia?
A: A condition where the body loses too much fluid (e.g., blood, water)
Q: What is hypervolaemia?
A: A condition where the body retains too much fluid
Q: Who is most at risk for fluid imbalances?
A: Infants, elderly, and chronically ill patients
Q: What are symptoms of hypernatraemia?
A: Confusion, seizures, fluid retention, high BP, muscle spasms
Q: What causes hyponatraemia?
A: Overhydration, renal failure, certain medications
Q: What symptoms suggest hyperkalaemia?
A: Weakness, numbness, arrhythmias, chest pain
Q: What are the treatments for hyperkalaemia?
A: IV calcium, insulin + glucose, dialysis
Q: What are causes of hypokalaemia?
A: Diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, laxatives
Q: What symptoms suggest hypokalaemia?
A: Muscle cramps, arrhythmias, fatigue, mood changes
Q: What is IV therapy used for?
A: Restoring fluids/electrolytes, delivering meds, nutritional support
Q: What are isotonic fluids used for?
A: Volume loss, hydration (e.g., 0.9% saline, Hartmann’s)
Q: Name one example of a hypertonic fluid.
A: 3% NaCl or 10% Dextrose in water
Q: What is a hypotonic solution used for?
A: Cellular dehydration (e.g., 0.45% saline)
Q: Name three potential complications of IV therapy.
A: Phlebitis, infiltration, air embolism
Q: What is the VIP score used for?
A: Assessing IV site condition and complications
Q: List two safety steps when administering IV fluids.
A: Use aseptic technique; assess site every hour
Q: How do you calculate drip rate (drops/min)?
A: (Volume × drop factor) / Time in minutes
Q: What are the 5 rights of medication administration?
A: Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time
Q: What must be done before administering IV meds?
A: Triple-check meds, confirm ID, ensure documentation