Chapter 14: Primary producers

Which organism makes it own carbohydrates?

Autotrophs

Which organism gets carbohydrates by eating other organisms?

Heterotrophs

What is ellular respiration?

break down of the carbohydrates within their cells for energy.

What is plankton?

organisms carried by tides and currents, and cannot swim well enough to move against these forces.

Nekton plankton

are able to swim aganist tides and ocean currents.

Zooplankton are

heterotrophs.

Which organism is responsible for producing 90-96% of the ocean’s carbohydrates?

phytoplankton.

Phytoplankton are autotrophic because they

generate glucose by photosynthesis.

Which organism makes 50% food generated by photosynthesis on earth?

Phytoplankton.

What is Chemosynthethic?

dervie energy from chemical compounds.

Heterotrophs dervie energy from

organic matter by means of respiration.

What is buoyancy?

the tendency of an object to float in a fluid.

What is positive bouyancy?

is when an object is less dense than the fluid it displaces, causing it to float. It occurs when the buoyant force is greater than the object's weight.

What is neutral bouyancy?

an object's weight is equal to the buoyant force acting on it, causing it to neither sink nor float in a fluid.

What is negative bouyancy?

an object is denser than the fluid it is immersed in, causing it to sink.

Oil in micro-organisms increases

buoyancy. increased buoyancy is when the volume expands.

What are appendages?

are external body parts that protrude from an organism's main body. They can serve various functions such as locomotion, manipulation, or sensory perception. Examples include arms, legs, antennae, and wings.

Appendages in marine organisms increase

surface area.

Where in the ocean is primary productivity the greatest and why does this pattern exist?

nutrient levels are the highest near the continents because of coastal upwelling and land runoff. Plankton is abundant.

Lack of nutrients and light can limit

primary productivity.

Plankton bloom can cause a lack of

nutrients.

Too much light can overwhelm

photosynthetic chemistry.

Coccolithophores

disks of calcium carbonate, milky or chalky water and calcareous ooze.

Dinoflagellates

flagella for movement, bioliminescent and harmful algal blooms.

Diatoms

frustule: rigid cell wall of silica, some float and others lie on shallow bottoms, and create silliceous ooze.

Seaweeds are marine plants are

diverse and efficient primary producers.

Seaweeds

multicellular algae that carry 1 to 5% total productivity.

Brown seaweeds (Brown algae)

kelp forest are among the most productive and richest marine communities and have high biodiversity.

Seagrass

sea grass meadows provide a habitat to many organisms that hide among the leaves.

Arogopecten irradians were wiped out by the

brown tide.

Salt marsh plants

border shallow bays and estuaries.