Quizzes on Bebop, Cool Jazz, Hard Bop, and Free Jazz

Art Tatum

Credited with developing the comping style in jazz.

Charlie Parker

Known for his work with strings and his early career in Kansas City.

Dizzy Gillespie

Added nonsense vocals to bebop and served as a jazz ambassador.

Thelonious Monk

House pianist at Minton's and known for his use of dissonance.

Round Midnight

Film character inspired by Bud Powell's tragic life.

Sonny Stitt

Saxophonist associated with bebop.

Dexter Gordon

Saxophonist associated with bebop.

Tal Farlow

Guitarist part of the bebop era.

Contrafact

Term used to describe a newly created melody over an existing chord progression.

Vocalese

The practice of setting lyrics to existing instrumental jazz solos.

Charlie Parker's drug use

Led to widespread drug use among some jazz musicians and left a lasting impact.

Minton's

Jazz club where bebop pioneers developed and played the new style.

Dropping bombs

Refers to unexpected bass drum accents in bebop drumming.

Dizzy Gillespie's role in jazz education

He was a significant proponent and mentor in jazz education.

Swing music vs. bebop

Swing was more dance-oriented and accessible, while bebop was complex and not intended for dancing.

J. J. Johnson

Trombonist noted for his influence in bebop.

Jam sessions

Informal gatherings where musicians developed and refined the bebop style.

AFM

American Federation of Musicians; its recording ban limited commercial recordings, affecting musicians financially.

Thelonious Monk's rhythms

Known for extreme use of asymmetrical rhythms in bebop.

Evolution of bebop in the 1940s

Bebop emerged as a complex, improvisation-focused style in reaction to swing music.

Rejection of bebop

Considered too complex and less accessible compared to the swing music that preceded it.

Dizzy Gillespie's contribution to bebop

Credited with creating bebop along with Charlie Parker.

Modern jazz

Referred to as bebop in Chapter 5.

Thelonious Monk's dissonant playing

Added complexity and a unique rhythmic feel that challenged traditional harmony.

Eddie Jefferson

Instrumentalist known for their unique 'vocalese' style in bebop.

Red Rodney

Trumpet player in Charlie Parker's band.

Impact of the AFM recording ban

Led to a decline in recorded music, financially impacting musicians and encouraging live performances.

King Pleasure

Stage name of Clarence Beeks, known in the vocalese style.

Jam session in bebop

Informal gatherings where musicians could experiment, practice, and improvise on new bebop styles.

Dizzy Gillespie's mixing styles

Known for mixing bebop with big band music.

Charlie Parker's Kansas City roots

Influenced his music style emphasizing blues, swing, and improvisation.

Miles Davis

Led the nonet for the recording 'Birth of the Cool'.

Bill Evans and John Coltrane

Musicians associated with the 'Kind of Blue' recording.

John Lewis

Pianist and composer key in mixing classical and jazz elements in the Modern Jazz Quartet.

Modal jazz

A style that uses musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework.

Dave Brubeck

Jazz ambassador known for using odd time signatures.

Take Five

A jazz piece in 5/4 time, performed by Dave Brubeck's quartet.

Cool school

A jazz style characterized by relaxed tempos and lighter tone, as opposed to the intensity of bebop.

Stan Getz

Saxophonist who helped popularize bossa nova in the U.S.

West Coast jazz

A style of cool jazz developed on the West Coast of the United States.

Gerry Mulligan's quartet

Known for being a pianoless quartet.

Blue Rondo à la Turk

A famous piece from 'Time Out' by Dave Brubeck.

Kind of Blue

Changed jazz musicians' approach to improvisation by popularizing modal jazz.

Gil Evans

Collaborated with Miles Davis on 'Sketches of Spain'.

Chet Baker

Played the trumpet.

George Gershwin

Wrote 'Porgy and Bess,' adapted into a jazz album by Miles Davis.

Milt Jackson

Plays the vibraphone in the Modern Jazz Quartet.

Classical music's influence on Modern Jazz Quartet

Incorporated structured compositions and classical harmonies into jazz.

Antonio Carlos Jobim

Helped popularize bossa nova.

Paul Desmond's saxophone technique

Used a light, airy tone that fit well with cool jazz.

Birth of the Cool

Helped establish cool jazz as a distinct genre, focusing on orchestration and ensemble interplay.

Dave Brubeck's composition

Composed the iconic piece 'Blue Rondo à la Turk.'

Kind of Blue album

Credited with establishing the use of modal jazz.

Sketches of Spain

Album by Miles Davis that incorporated Spanish themes.

New York jazz

New York jazz was often more intense and bebop-influenced.

Cannonball Adderley

Played alto saxophone on 'Kind of Blue'.

Bill Evans and Wynton Kelly

The two pianists who contributed to 'Kind of Blue.'

Modern Jazz Quartet

They helped elevate jazz as an art form by integrating classical elements.

The Girl from Ipanema

An iconic jazz standard for bossa nova by Antonio Carlos Jobim.

Art Blakey

The drummer for Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.

Soul jazz

A term describing jazz influenced by gospel and blues, characteristic of hard bop.

John Coltrane

Credited with 'sheets of sound' technique.

Acknowledgement

A piece from John Coltrane's album 'A Love Supreme'.

hard bop

A jazz style with roots in bebop, infused with soul and blues elements.

Clifford Brown and Max Roach

They co-led a quintet that influenced hard bop.

Hammond B-3 organ

An instrument associated with Jimmy Smith in hard bop.

Herbie Hancock

A member of Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet.

shuffle rhythm

A rhythm often used in soul jazz and hard bop with a swinging feel.

Wes Montgomery

Known for using his thumb instead of a pick and octave playing.

Jimmy Garrison

The bassist for John Coltrane's classic quartet.

The Bridge

Sonny Rollins's famous album recorded after his sabbatical from jazz.

My Favorite Things

A song from John Coltrane's album that became widely popular.

sheets of sound

A rapid succession of notes played in a fluid manner, creating a dense, layered sound.

Ornette Coleman

Considered one of the pioneers of the avant-garde jazz movement.

AACM

A collective for promoting avant-garde jazz, associated with the Art Ensemble of Chicago.

Harmolodics

A concept promoting equality among melody, harmony, and rhythm introduced by Ornette Coleman.

Sun Ra

Portrayed himself as an extraterrestrial from Saturn, influencing his cosmic, free-form music style.

free jazz

A genre that discards traditional harmony and structure in favor of spontaneous improvisation.

Cecil Taylor

Primarily played piano; used atonal and percussive playing influenced by modern classical techniques.

Don Cherry

Played the role of trumpeter in Ornette Coleman's band.

Art Ensemble of Chicago

They expanded the boundaries of jazz through theatrical performances and innovative soundscapes.

avant-garde

A movement focused on pushing the boundaries of traditional jazz, often using unconventional methods.

Ascension

A key album by John Coltrane associated with free jazz.

The Shape of Jazz to Come

Challenged traditional jazz structures, paving the way for free jazz.

Space is the Place

A phrase associated with Sun Ra, incorporating cosmic themes into jazz.

Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation

Featured collective improvisation with two quartets playing simultaneously.

Art Ensemble of Chicago's philosophy

They viewed jazz as a theatrical and multimedia experience, integrating costumes and non-traditional instruments.