Grade 8 Science Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering Grade 8 Science topics including biology, chemistry, geology, and physics based on the Three-Term Budget of Work.

Mechanical processing

A digestive process that involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Secretion

The release of substances such as enzymes or fluids during the digestive process.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into nutrients that can be used by the body.

Absorption

The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken into the body's systems.

Elimination

The final stage of the digestive process where undigested waste is removed from the body.

Genotype

The genetic makeup or simple ratio of gene pairs in an offspring.

Phenotype

The observable physical characteristics or traits of an offspring.

Six-kingdom system

One of the major systems used for the taxonomic classification of living things.

Three-domain system

A high-level classification system for diverse forms of life.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants obtain energy and nutrients from the environment using specific raw materials.

Respiration

A process in living things that shows how they obtain energy, occurring in different parts of the cell.

Pure substances

Materials such as elements and compounds that have a fixed chemical composition.

Protons

Subatomic particles that have a unique number in all atoms of a specific element.

Valence electrons

The electrons in an atom that determine its position within the groups of the periodic table.

18 groups

The vertical columns in the periodic table; elements within one of these have the same number of valence electrons.

Periods

The horizontal rows of the periodic table used to arrange elements based on atomic structure.

Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev, and Moseley

The major scientists who contributed to the historical development of the periodic table.

Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr

The scientists who contributed to the development of the models of atomic structure.

Oceanic crust

A type of crust associated with the Earth's lithospheric plates, often contrasted with continental crust.

Active, dormant, and extinct

The three classifications of volcanoes according to their level of activity.

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

The specific region used for tracking and tracing the path of typhoons.

$$\text{Acceleration}$$

The rate of change of an object's velocity, occurring if magnitude and/or direction changes.

$$\text{Kinetic energy}$$

The energy of movement possessed by objects or particles.

$$\text{Potential energy}$$

Energy that is stored due to the position of objects or particles.

Work

The result when a force causes the displacement of an object.

Power

The rate at which work is performed.

$$\text{Mechanical energy}$$

The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy available to do work.

Reflection

The property of light demonstrated when it bounces off plane and curved mirrors.

Refraction

The property of light demonstrated when it passes through transparent blocks, lenses, and prisms.