Information, Late History and Methods

Enigma machine

A German device used to scramble codes during WWII, leading to the development of the first electronic computers.

Boolean Algebra

A mathematical framework using operators like and, or, nor to represent logical operations.

Cognitive Psychology

The scientific study of mental processes, including how people perceive, think, remember, and learn.

Selective Attention

The process of directing mental focus towards certain stimuli while ignoring others, as proposed by Broadbent.

Homunculus Problem

The philosophical dilemma of having a little 'man' in the brain making decisions, leading to infinite regress.

Cognitive Map

A mental representation of spatial relationships, which rats demonstrated in Tolman's maze experiments.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A theoretical concept proposed by Chomsky, suggesting an innate ability to learn language.

Deep Blue

A computer that defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, showcasing computers' strength in closed-world problems.

Operational Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments, as proposed by Skinner.

Neuroimaging

Techniques like fMRI and PET scans used to visualize brain activity associated with cognitive processes.

Information Processing Model

A framework suggesting that cognitive functions can be understood as the manipulation of information, akin to computer processes.