APAH West and Central Asia, Global Prehistory, 30,000 - 500 B.C.E., APAH Global Contemporary, APAH Africa 1100-1980 C.E, South, East, and Southeast Asia, APAH Later Eruope and the Americas: 1750-1980 CE, AP Art History: Indigenous Americas , APAH Ear…

Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple 400 BCE-100 CE

Jordan (Nabataean, Ptolemaic, Roman)

Sandstone, cut rock

religious and funerary

cut out of the cliff face!

Buddha Bamiyan c. 400- 800 CE

Afghanistan

Sandstone, cut rock

religious

destroyed by Taliban in 2001

Jowo Rinpoche, Jokhang Temple (brought to Tibet 641 CE)

Tibet

gilt metals, semiprecious stones, paint

brought as a wedding gift, Religious

a shakyamuni, could have been a proxy for the Buddha

the Kaaba (rededicated by Muhammad 631-632 CE)

Saudi Arabia, Pre-Islamic-Islamic

granite masonry covered w/ silk curtain and calligraphy gold

religious/spiritual

thought to have been built by Abraham and Archangel Gabriel

Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh) c. 700 CE

Iran, Persian & Islamic

Brick, Stone, Plaster

Religious

Folio from a Qur'an c. 8th-9th century CE

Arab, North Africa, or Near East Abbasid

ink, color, and gold on parchment

religious

Bahram Gur Fight the Karg 1330-1340 CE

Great Il-Khanid Shahnama

Persia, Islamic

ink and water color, gold and silver on paper

to entertain/tell a story, political propaganda

The Court of Gayumars 1522-1525 CE

Persia

Shah Tahmasp's Shanama

ink, watercolor, gold on paper

to tell a story/political

Basin (Baptistere de St. Louis) c. 1320-1340 CE

Egypt of Syria

Muhammad ibn al-Zain

brass inlaid w/ gold and silver

unclear (NOT RELIGIOUS)

Ardabil carpet 1539-1540 CE

commissioned by Maqsud Kashani

silk warps and wefts with wool pile

created for a mosque honoring a Sufi Shaikh

set of two, located in LA and other in UK)

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Mosque

A Muslim place of worship

Muhammad

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

Qur'an

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

5 Pillars of Faith

Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage, and Faith.

Mihrab

(Islam) a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca

Imam

a leader of prayer in a mosque

Qibla

This wall in a mosque always faces Mecca.

Minaret

A distinctive feature of mosque architecture, a tower from which the faithful are called to worship.

Arabesque

an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration.

Calligraphy (Kufic)

earliest extant Islamic style of handwritten alphabet that was used by early Muslims to record the Qur'an

Tessellation

A repeating pattern of plane figures that completely cover a plane with no gaps or overlaps

Anionic

the absence of figurative representations, or icons, of deities or religious figures, often replaced by symbolic or abstract forms

Cave paintings in Lascaux (Hall of Bulls) c. 16000-14000 BCE

unknown

France

cave wall, charcoal, and mineral pigments

religious?

Apollo 11 Cave Tablet 25000-23500 BCE

unknown

Namibia

charcoal on stone (quartzite)

religious? decorative?

Running Horned Woman 6000-4000 BCE

unknown

Algeria, neolithic

pigment on rock

ceremonial? Religious?

Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine 14000- 7000 BCE

unknown

Mexico, paleolithic

bone

as a mask?

Beaker with Ibex motifs 4200 -3500 BCE

unknown

Iran

painted terra cotta

religious? funerary?

Jade cong 3300-2200 BCE

unknown

China, neolithic

jade

burial/funerary good

Anamorphic Stele 3000 BCE

unknown

Saudi Arabia, neolithic

sandstone

grave marker

Tlatilco Female Figure 1200-900 BCE

unknown

Mexico

terracotta

burial good?

The Ambum Stone c. 1500 BCE

unknown

Papua New Guinea

grey whacke

ritualistic? pestle?

Skara Brae c. 3180-2500 BCE

unknown

Scotland

rock, stone

to house people

New Grange c. 3200 BCE

unknown

Ireland, neolithic

stone

as a grave

Stone henge 2500-1600 BCE

unknown

England

sarsen stone and blue stone

cemetery, ritualistic?

Terracotta fragments c. 1000 BCE

Lapita peoples

Santa Cruz Islands

red-slip earthenware

for travel and trade

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (finished 1997 CE)

Frank Gehry

Spain, Deconstructivism

Titanium, glass, limestone, steel

museum

MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts 2009 CE

Zaha Hadid

Italy, deconstructivism-avant garde

concrete

secular, sense of community and museum

Dancing at the Louvre, from the series 'The French Collectoin", Part 1; #1 1991 CE

Faith Ringgold

USA

Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, fabric pieced border

tells a story/aspirational/inspirational

The Swing, After Fragonard 2001 CE

Yinka Shonibare

UK

installation (mannequin cotton print dress, rope swing, oak branch, artificial foliage)

to be art

Horn Players 1983 CE

Jean-Michel Basquiat

USA

acrylic mounted on panel

to be art

Darkytown Rebellion 2001 CE

Kara Walker

France

installation (paper and projection on wall)

political, racial

Summer Trees 1979 CE

Song Su-nam

South Korea, abstract

ink on paper

to be art

Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People) 1992 CE

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

USA

oil and mixed media

political undertones/activism/cultural awareness

Vietnam Memorial 1982 CE

Maya Lin

USA

Black Granite

memorial

A Book from the Sky 1987-1991 CE

Xu Bing

China

ink on paper

possibly political

No Crying allowed in the Barbershop 1994 CE

Pepon Osorio

Puerto Rico

installation (mixed media w/ barber chairs, photographs, objects, video)

childhood memories

The Gates 2005 CE

Christo and Jean Claude

USA

installation

to show relationships between ppl and world

Shibboleth 2007-08 CE

Doris Salcerdo

UK

installation

socio-political commentary/activism as art

Sunflower Seeds 2010 CE

Ai Weiwei

UK

porcelain

art as activism

Rebellious Silence, from the Women of Allah Series 1994 CE

Shirin Neshat

Middle East

photograph

socio-political commentary

Untitled #228, from the History Portraits series 1990 CE

Cindy Sherman

Italy

Chromogenic color print

feminist artwork

Conical Tower and Circular Wall of Great Zimbabwe 1000-1400 CE

Shona People

Zimbabwe

Granite Blocks

power, control, and religion

(tower for grains)

Great Mosque of Djenne (Founded 1200 CE, rebuilt 1906-07 CE)

Sudano-Sahelian

Mali

Adobe

Religious (Islamic)

Wall Plaque from Oba's Palace 16th century

Edo peoples

Benin Empire, Nigeria

cast brass

power

Sika Dwa Kofi (Golden Stool) c. 1700 CE

Ashanti Peoples

Ghana

Gold over wood and cast gold attachments

Religious

Ndop Portrait of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul 1760-1780 CE

Kuba Peoples

Democratic Republic of Congo

wood and camwood powder

commemorative (powerful and well respected ruler remembered in songs and statues)

Portrait Mask (Mblo) early 20th century

Owie Kimou, Baule Peoples

Ivory Coast

wood and pigment

secular masquerade

(Moya Yanso's likeness, commissioned and og worn by Kousame Ziarey)

Female (Pwo) Mask late 19th- early 20th century

Chokwe peoples

Democratic Republic of Congo

wood, fiber, pigment, metal

to honor young fertile women (and those who have given birth)

Bundu Mask late 19th-20th century

Mende/Sherbro peoples

Sierra Leone, Moyamba region

wood, cloth, and fiber

ceremonial

Power Figure (nkisi nkondi) late 19th century

Kongo peoples

Democratic Republic of Congo

wood and metal

spiritual

Ikenga (shrine figure) 19th to 20th century

Igbo Peoples

Nigeria

wood

spiritual (shrine in the home)

Lukasa 19th-20th century

Mbudye society, Luba peoples

Democratic Republic of Congo

wood, beads, metal

record keeping item (meant to be read/interpreted by skilled masters)

Elephant (Aka) Mask 19th-20th century

Bamileke Peoples

Cameroon

cloth, beads, raffia, fiber

worn and danced to show and honor the power of the kings

Reliquary figure (byeri) mid 18th-19th century

Fang peoples

Gaboon

wood and iron

spiritual (its a reliquary)

Veranda Post of Enthroned King and Senior Wife (Opo Ogoga) 1910-1914 CE

Olowe of Ise, Yoruba Peoples

Ekiti region, Nigeria

wood and paint

power

Great Stupa at Sanchi 300-100 BCE

India

stone masonry

funerary/Religious/Spiritual

(local beliefs with Buddhist)

Terracotta Warriors from the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor of China circa. 221-209 BCE

China

painted terracotta

Funerary, made for Qin Shi Huang (Built Great Wall, unified China)

Funeral Banner of Lady Dai 180 BCE

China

painted silk

funerary

depicts lots of animals, formal, symmetry, narrative piece

Longmen Caves 493-1127 CE

China, Tang Dynasty

limestone

spiritual (Buddhist)

over 100k Buddhas, 2300 caves and niches, worked on over time

Gold and Jade Crown 400-500 CE

Korea, Silla

gold and Jade metalwork

ceremonial, show of power

depicts Tree of Life

Travelers Among Streams and Mountains 1000 CE

Fan Kuan

China, Neo Confucianism

ink on silk hanging scroll

sense of awe in nature

The David Vases 1351 CE

China, Yuan Dynasty

white porcelain w/ cobalt-blue underglaze, w/ clear glaze

dedicated for Daoist temple as dedication

named after collector Sir Percival David

shows vast trade network (porcelain from kaolin, cobalt from Ian, and others from Mongol Empire)

Todai-ji 743 CE, rebuilt c. 1700 CE

Japan, Buddhist

wood, bronze, ceramic, copper

political, spiritual

known for Vairocana Buddha Statue (took all copper in Japan)

no nails!

Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace 1250-1300 CE

Japan, Kamakura Period

ink and color on paper

historical

Ryoan-ji (peaceful Dragon Temple) c. 1480 CE, rock garden 1700s CE

Japan, Buddhist

gravels, clay, stone

spiritual (Zen Buddhist)

White and Red Plum Blossoms 1710-1716 CE

Ogata Korin

Japan

ink, watercolor, and gold leaf on paper screens

to be art

The Great Wave (Under the Wave off Kanagawa) 1830-1833 CE

Katsuhika Hokusai

Japan

woodblock print

to be art

influenced by Dutch artists

Shiva Nataraja as Lord of Dance c. 1000s CE

India

cast bronze

religious, Hindu

lots of symbolism

Lakshmana Temple 930-950 CE

India, Chandella Dynasty

Sandstone

Religious, Hindu

based off of mountains

Borobudur Temple c. 800 CE

Gunadharma

Indonesia

andesite

Religious, Buddhist

shaped like a mountain, covered in volcanic ash and rediscovered in 1800s

mandala-like floorplan

Angkor Wat 116-1150 CE

Cambodia

sandstone

Religious (Hindu, dedicated to Vishnu, but now Buddhist)

was lost to jungle, but reclaimed

Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings c.1620 CE

Bichitir

India, Mughal Empire

watercolor, gold, ink on paper

Political

Taj Mahal 1632-1653 CE

Ustad Ahmad Lahori

India, Mughal Dynasty

white marble

Funerary

Portrait of Sin Sukju 1417-1475 CE

Imperial Bureau of Painting

Korea

Hanging Scroll (ink and color on silk)

Meritorious portrait

Forbidden City (Finished in 15th century CE), Finished in 1420 CE

China, Ming Dynasty

stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, ceramic tile

power and authority

Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan c. 1969 CE

China

color lithograph

Propaganda

(en route to a miners strike)

circumambulation

In Buddhist worship, walking around the stupa in a clockwise direction

bi

in ancient China, jade disks carved as ritual objects for burial with the dead. They were often decorated with piercings that extended entirely through the object, as well as with surface carving

bodhisattva

in Buddhist thought, a potential Buddha who chooses not to achieve enlightenment in order to help save humanity

Buddha

Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.

(Siddhartha Gautama)

Iconoclasm

Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship.

mandorla

an almond-shaped nimbus surrounding the figure of christ or other sacred figure

mudra

In Buddhist and Hindu iconography, a stylized and symbolic hand gesture. Right hand over the left, palm upward, in the lap

nirvana

in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul

Shakyamuni

the sage of the Shakyas, Shakya being the name of the tribe/clan to which his family belonged

Stupa

a large mound shaped Buddhist shrine

torana

gateway in the stone fence around a stupa, located at the cardinal points of the compass

Urna

a circle of hair, usually symbolized as a dot, between the eyebrows of a Hindu or a Buddhist figure.

Ushinisha

a knot of hair, at the top of the head, one of the lakshanas of the Buddha