12_6_Blood_Disorders

What are the main components of blood?

Blood is composed of formed elements (red cells, white cells, platelets) and plasma.

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen to the cells of the body via hemoglobin.

What is hematopoiesis?

Hematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

What cytokines stimulate the production of erythrocytes?

Erythropoiesis is primarily stimulated by erythropoietin produced by the kidneys.

How do platelets contribute to hemostasis?

Platelets participate in blood clotting by adhering to injury sites and aggregating to form a plug.

What is the significance of leukopenia?

Leukopenia refers to a low white blood cell count, increasing the risk of significant bacterial infections.

What is the difference between primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis?

Primary hemostasis involves vasoconstriction and platelet activation, while secondary hemostasis involves the formation of fibrin.

Which vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are important?

Factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X are vitamin K-dependent and synthesized primarily in the liver.

What is the common trigger for macrocytic anemia?

Macrocytic anemia is often caused by vitamin deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 or folate.

What characterizes iron deficiency anemia in a blood smear?

Iron deficiency anemia typically shows microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes and significant anisocytosis.