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"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

What is Lincoln referring to when he used the word house in this speech?

United States

What is dividing the U.S?

Pro Slavery or anti slavery

How did each man feel about the topics on which they debated? 

Douglas:

People in states should decide whether or not to have slavery. Douglas does not care what they want, but doesn’t think it should be the job of the government.

How did each man feel about the topics on which they debated?

Lincoln:

He feels letting it go and spread was not right and that it was spreading the union apart. The government should do something about it.

Why did 7 southern states secede from the Union shortly after Lincoln was elected president?

South Carolina and the 6 states that followed feared that Lincoln would end slavery.

What would be a primary concern of the confederacy, now that it must act as its own independent nation?

Trying to keep slavery under pressure from the union.

How do you think outgoing president, James Buchanan, and incoming president, Abe Lincoln, feel about the South leaving?

They are most likely worried about everything falling apart and this could threaten the idea of a war.

Who was the Confederate president?

Jefferson Davis

Read the text and study the other 2 boxes

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Read the text and study the other 2 boxes

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Read the text and study the other 2 boxes

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Read the text and study the other 2 boxes

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Read the text and study the other 2 boxes

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Fort Sumter

The fort belonged to the U.S. army, but now that the South has seceded and made their own new country, they feel that the fort belongs to them and not the U.S. (Union) At the time the battle at Fort Sumter took place, there were U.S. soldiers in the fort, then Confederate soldiers attacked the fort. The Union soldiers gave up the fort, so the Battle of Fort Sumter was a Confederate victory and is the first battle of the Civil War.

Civil War-

when people within the same country go to war.

Anaconda Plan-

In the beginning of the war, the Union thought it had a perfect plan to beat the Confederacy, called the Anaconda Plan, where it would wrap its bigger army around the South and “squeeze” the Confederacy blocking their ports which stopped cotton exports basically resulting in the south having a bad economy. It also stopped them from trading and receiving essential goods and also military goods, until they surrendered.

Union plans to win?

Blockade southern ports, control Mississippi river, split confederacy and seize the capitol in Richmond.

How did the confederacy plan?

Stay home and fight defensive till the north got tired and the idea of war became unpopular so Lincoln would give up.

Which union plan was in effect during Bull Run?

Seize Richmond.

What happened at Bull Run?

They were to fight but southerners held their ground and the union retreated.

Why did Lincoln free the slaves in the Confederate states, but not in the border states?

Because the confederate states left his union so he just took away his slaves but the border states stayed in the union so he kept his promise and let them keep the slaves

Why do you think he calls the act a “military necessity” in the last section? (How would the Union army be affected now that many African Americans were freed men?)

Because now that there are so many people free he needs some of them for military purposes to win the war

How could his actions affect the Confederacy?

It could anger the confederacy and also make them more angry and want to go to war more as he took away their basically prized possession

Why do you think Lincoln delivered this speech in September 1862, but waited until January 1863 to free the slaves in the Confederacy?

Most likely because he wanted to give the confederacy a chance to rejoin the union and keep their slaves

The Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania was fought from July 1st to July 3rd 1863.

This battle was an aggressive attempt by the Confederacy to engage and beat the Union.

There were heavy losses on each side

The Confederate army fled and although the Union did not pursue them, trap them and force a final surrender, the battle was a Union victory.

4 months later Lincoln was invited to speak at the memorial of the soldiers

Why was Lincoln making a reference to 87 years ago?

The year 1776 was 87 years before the battle of Gettysburg. That was the year that America wrote the declaration, so he wants them to recall a time where they were united and worked together.

How have things changed greatly?

The country is no longer united and now broken and fighting each other.

Purpose of gathering on the battlefield?

So people can see the effect of the country and all these men did for them

Why is the gathering important?

Similarly, he wants people to see the effects of not being united and fighting. Also so they get motivated to keep fighting and unite once again as he says that they need to honor the non living, and since they are the ones living because of the people who risked their lives they need to finish their mission.

Total War:

organization of all the resources (people and products) of a country towards the war effort. Causing devastation and taking away the will to fight from the other side.

Who won the Civil War?

The Union won the Civil War. The practice of total war caused so much destruction to southern property and the spirit of the people, that the South surrendered to the North on April 9, 1865.

How did waging total war end the Civil War?

Because the total war method was to break the confederacy and make them stop trying to go to war rather than focusing on the actual fighting.

“War is cruelty. There's no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over.” ― William Tecumseh Sherman

How do Sherman’s words support what you wrote in your answer to #2?

It supports 2 as it shows that total war is the cruelest and you can infer that when he says the crueler the faster it ends which will most likely make the confederacy see that they will lose everything that they will beg to give up

What does this photograph below of Atlanta, Georgia reveal about total war?

The total war true to its name as it destroys and devastated everything in its path to destroy the spirit and will to fight