secularisation

what is secularisation

religious beleifs and practices loose significance

arguments for secularisation

decline in religious thinking

decline in religious practice

decline of power and influence

decline in religious thinking theorists

weber: people are starting to look towards science

lytoard and bauman: decline in metanarratives like religion, religion losing significance in the pick and mix world, spiritual supermarket

what does lyotard and bauman talk about

decline in metanarratives; metanarratives like religion have lost their influence in the world as we live in a pick and mix society, where people have spiritual supermarkets

religious decline arguments

declining attendance: in 2007 2% of the population attended religious ceremonies in comparison to 40% in 1851

less than half the marriages in the UK are religious

decline of power and influence of religion arguments

Bruce: church has become marginalsied, it used to be dominant in the middle ages

arguments against secularisation

religious thinking is not in decline

religious practice is not in decline

religious institutions are not in decline

why is religious thinking not in decline

heelas: resecularisation

world is going through a spiritual revolution, people are getting more involved in spiritual and new religious movements, people are pick and mixing religion

why are religious practices not in decline

davie: believing without belonging, beilving in god doesnt necessarily mean attending religous services, ppl can express beieifs privatley

why are religious institutions not in decline

warner: religious economy theory

market competition like cults sects and denomination make religion stronger

what is globalisation

the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependant

what gender is more religious and why

women;

sociolisation and femininity

women live longer

women are more likley to face social deprivation/ marginality

what is miller and hoffmans argument

risk and religion; being religious isnt taking a risk but not being religious and going to hell is risk taking

evaluation of m and h argument

many women are joining NRMs which have no assurances about life after death

who talks about the sum of small differences

Trzebiatowska & Bruce

liberal feminists attitude towards religion

aim for more equality for women, seek to remove obstacles that prevent women from positions of authority

radical feminists view on religion

contemporary religions exist for the benefit of men, they aim to recapture the centrality of women in religion of early times

marxist feminists views

focus on the way religion acts as a means of compensating women, particularly working class

what is happening to women in religion now

womens levels of participation in UK christian churches are declining faster than mens

why are womens participation rates declining faster than mens

womens movement and feminism: lead women to question their roles of wifes and mothers

changing role of women: most women now in paid employment, work has displaced religion as a focus

how has globalisation affected religious beleifs and practices

post modernists emphasis on choice: global spiritual supermarket

more migration meaning more diversity, higher blend of religions, spreading pracitices globally

what is a clash of civilisations

huntington: religion is at the core of many global conflicts

however casanova suggests that hungington generalises too much, not all religions are fundamentalists

what does Nanda talk about

india is one of the fastest growing economies, yet hinduism is still a huge religion, its growing rather than fading out

how does Nanda say globalisation has helped india

globalisation has created an educated middle class in india, secularisation suggests that these would be the first people to abandon their religion

Nandas argument against the secularistion theory

majority of inidan MC remained religious, 30% even became more religious

who argues that religion a force for change

bruce

who used religion as an ideological force for change

martin luther king

how did martin luther king use religion

• as an ideological resource, meaning that he appealed to all Christians, regardless of ethnic background, to find common ground based on their Christian values.

• Bruce claims that the civil rights movement was successful because it was a peaceful protest; it negotiated with those who had opposing views and achieved public support.