Board Review Week 1 slides

Anterior abdominal wall are created by what two classes of muscle and their aponeuroses?

Vertical and flat muscles

What are the 2 vertical muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

What are the 3 flat muscles that make up the anterior abdominal wall?

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

Where are the flat muscles located?

The flanks

Flat muscles of the anterior abdominal wall run?

Lateral towards the midline

Flat muscles have a muscular component _______ and aponeurosis is located ________?

Laterally, Medially

The left and the right aponeuroses of flat muscles meet in the middle to form?

Lines alba

Flat muscles are functionally important for?

Circumferential stabilization

Flat muscles are sometimes called?

The core

The layers of flat muscles in the abdominal wall are just lateral to the?

Rectus sheath

The anterior rectus sheath terminates at the?

Pubic crest

The posterior rectus sheath terminates at the?

Arcuate line

The flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall are immediately deep into the superficial fascia specifically what layer?

Scarpa's layer

The lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis forms what?

Inguinal ligament

A defect in the external oblique aponeurosis forms the?

Superficial inguinal ring

A defect in the transversalis fascia forms the?

Deep inguinal ring

What has been said to significantly reduces chronic low back pain?

Strengthening the core/flat muscles

External oblique fibers run?

Obliquely and inferomedially

External oblique helps to form what in the midline?

Linea alba

The internal oblique is smaller and thinner than the external oblique and most of its muscle fibers run in a ________________ direction?

Superomedial

Internal oblique aponeurosis helps form the?

Linea alba

Transversus abdominis fibers run?

Horizontally or transversely

The transversus aponeurosis helps from the?

Linea alba

What is the only flat muscles that does not descend to form the spermatic cord coverings?

Transversus abdominis

Which vertical muscle extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal?

Rectus abdominis

Rectus abdominis origin?

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

Rectus abdominis insertion?

Costal margin

Is the rectus abdominis a paired muscle?

Yes (left and right)

What is the rectus abdominis separated by?

Linea alba

The rectus abdominis widens and thins as it ascends from the?

Pubic synthesis to the costal margin

The rectus abdominis is intersected by three or four transverse fiber bands called?

Tendinous intersections

The rectus abdominis is bordered laterally by the?

Linea semilunaris (semilunar line)

The pyramidalis is anterior to the?

Rectus abdominis

The base of the pyramidalis is attached to the?

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

The apex of the pyramidalis is attached superiorly to the?

Linea alba

The pyramidalis does not contribute to what?

Trunk movement

The pyramidalis is an absent in 12% of humans? T/F

True

The tendinous structures are collectively supposed to strengthen and support the?

Anterior abdominals

The tendinous structures can create a small weak spot where what can occur?

Abdominal hernia

Spigelian hernia occurs in the?

Inferior Linea semilunaris

Umbilical hernia can occur where the Linea alba meets the?

Umbilical ring

What are the 3 layers of deep fascia in the anterior abdominal wall?

-transversalis fascia

-extraperitoneal fascia

-parietal peritoneum

The deep fascia separate intra-abdominal musculature from the?

Greater sac of the abdomen

What are the two layers of superficial fascia?

Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia

Campers fascia is where?

Belly fat is stored

Scarpas fascia prevents?

Intraperitoneal fluid from getting into the thigh

What is an aponeurosis cocoon which encloses two structure to varying degrees?

Rectus sheath

What is the rectus sheath made out of?

Aponeurosis of the flat muscles

What part of the rectus sheath completely encloses the rectus abdominis?

Upper 3/4

The lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath is covered only on the?

Anterior surface

Where is the rectus sheath not present?

Posterior surface of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominis muscle

The point where all aponeuroses disappear posteriorly is called the?

Arcuate line