AK final

A joint that involves three (3) or more bones is called a?

A joint that involves three (3) or more bones is called a?

compound joint

An example of a synarthrotic joint would be:

sutural joint

Which of the following is an example of a gliding joint?

acromioclavicular joint

(T/F) Upper extremity joints are considered weight-bearing joints.

False

(T/F) A ball-and-socket joint is triaxial.

True

Which of the following is a characteristic of a gliding joint?

both bony surfaces have flat or slightly curved surfaces

Which of the following joint classifications focuses on the ability to allow movement?

functional

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pivot joint?

surface of a bone is shaped like a ring and the surface of an articulating bone is shaped to rotate within the ring

(T/f)The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is considered an intra-articular ligament.

True

Which of the following would not be proper functional classification of a joint?

fibrous

Order the process of muscular contraction beginning with ACh attaching to its receptors on the sarcolemma and ending with the power stroke.

4. troponin pulls tropomyosin away from the active site on actin

1. Ach attaches to its receptors on the sarcolemma

3. calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

   5. myosin head attaches to actin

2. Action potential travels down the t-tubule

6. myosin head pulls actin toward the center of the sarcomere

A cross-bridge occurs when the

myosin head attaches to the active site on actin

Which of the following are functions of skeletal muscle? (Select all that apply)

• Maintain body temperature

• Maintain posture & body position

(T/F) Muscle spindles sense changes in tension of a muscle.

False

Which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle?

stability

Correctly match the fiber type with the appropriate contractile speed.

slow twitch=type I

fast twitch= type II

Which connective tissue structure surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber?

Endomysium

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to start the process of muscle contraction?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Calcium ions bind to __ to expose the active sites on actin.

troponin

Which connective tissue structure surrounds a fascicle?

Perimysium

The atlas bone is part of the ____ skeleton.

Axial

What correctly describes osteopenia & osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is inadequate ossification of bones.

The frontal bone is part of the__ skeleton.

axial

When bone is physically stressed through physical activity, it will

become stronger

"A small chamber where osteocytes live" is a description of:

Lacunae

Which of the following best describes the hyoid bone?

a suspended bone in the anterior cervical region that does not articulate with another bone

Which of the following best describes lordosis?

inward curve at lower back

Which of the following best describes scoliosis?

sideways curve in the spine

How many lumbar vertebrae are part of the vertebral column?

5

Kinesiology is the study of

human movement

What are the two types of cells in the human body?

Somatic & sex

Study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body describes what type of anatomy?

Regional

The head is______to the neck.

superior

Anatomical position can be best described as

feet flat on the floor, arms at the side, palms facing forward

Squamous epithelium is found in:

blood vessels

During diffusion, what direction do molecules move?

From high to low concentrations

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the?

mitochondria

Maintaining a stable environment within the body is called

homestasis

What body part is known as the calcaneus region?

heel

Which of the following joint movements is described as, "movement at the ankle joint where the foot moves superiorly?"

dorsiflexion

What joint movement is described as pushing down on a gas pedal in a car?

Plantarflexion

Which of the following joint movements is described by "anterior-posterior movement that reduces the angle between articulating elements"?

Flexion

Which of the following joint movements is described as, "movement of the tarsal bones where the plantar surface of the foot turns away from the midline?"

eversion

(T/F) Abduction/Adduction can be used to reference movement of the scapula

True

What joint movement is described as raising your arm out to your side, away from midline?

Abduction

Which motions does the proximal radioulnar joint do?

Pronation/supination

Medial/Lateral rotation occurs in which plane of movement?

Transverse

Which of the following is not a cardinal plane?

oblique

Which motions does the knee joint perform?

Flexion/extension

Correctly match the type of filament with their corresponding contractile proteins:

Myosin- thick filaments

actin- thin filaments

Calcium ions bind to __ to expose the active sites on actin.

troponin

Fiber organization: what type of muscle is the rectus abdominis?

Parallel

Which structure releases the calcium ions which will eventually activate sarcomere activity?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

In muscle fibers, the organelles of the fiber are housed in the _

sarcoplasm

A nerve cell that innervates (communicates with) a muscle fiber is called a(n)

motor neuron

Which of the following correctly represents the difference between type I and type Il muscle fibers.

type I fibers are better suited for endurance activities than type Il

What is the smallest functional/contractile unit of a muscle cell?

sarcomere

A cross-bridge occurs when the

myosin head attaches to the active site on actin

Fiber organization: what type of muscle is the rectus femoris?

Pennate

Order the muscular organization levels from largest to smallest.

4. myofibril

5. myofilament

2. fascicle

3. fiber

1. bundle

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to start the process of muscle contraction?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

What type of muscle is described by "one or more tendons run through the body of the muscle"?

Pennate muscle

The action of the masseter is:

elevate mandible & close the jaw

Which of the following is not a function of the external obliques?

trunk extension

The internal oblique muscles perform trunk flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, & ___ rotation

ipsilateral

The diagraphm:

Expands the thoracic cavity

Which muscles perform vertebral extension?

Erector spinae & Spinalis

Which muscle extends the big toe?

extensor hallucis longus

The action of the latissimus dorsi is:

Shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, & internal/medial rotation

Which of the following muscles is not involved in internal rotation of the shoulder?

coracobrachialis

The gluteus maximus performs all of the following except:

hip flexion

Which of the following is not a function of the pectoralis major?

shoulder abduction

Which muscle is not involved in shoulder external/lateral rotation?

teres major

Muscles that perform dorsiflexion include all of the following except

tibialis posterior

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

teres major

The quadriceps femoris group consists of which of the following muscles?

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles performs knee flexion?

semimembranosus

Which bony landmark is considered the "funny bone?"

olecranon process of the ulna

Which of the following muscles is responsible for hip flexion?

psoas major

The gluteus medius functions primarily in which plane of movement (hint: think about the primary movement of the gluteus medius)?

frontal

Which of the following muscles is responsible for medial rotation at the hip joint?

gluteus medius

Medial rotation of the hip joint occurs in which plane of movement?

transverse

Which of the following is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

limits excessive medial rotation of the hip joint

Which of the following is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

limits excessive extension and abduction of hip

Which of the following is not a flexor muscle of the elbow?

coracobrachialis

When the hip is in flexion, what movement is occurring simultaneously at the pelvis?

anterior rotation/tilt

Which ligament of the elbow is the most commonly torn/injured (hint: surgery for this ligament is known as the "Tommy John" surgery)?

medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Which of the following muscles is known as the only pure elbow flexor?

brachialis

Which of the following muscles is not considered part of the adductor group muscles that move the hip (hint: there are five adductor group muscles)?

sartorius

The anconeus muscle is a synergist for which of the following muscles?

triceps brachii

Abduction of the hip joint occurs in which plane of motion?

frontal

Which of the following motions can occur at the hip (acetabulofemoral) joint?

adduction

Which of the following exercises should be performed to strengthen the middle deltoid?

lateral raises

The scapulocostal/scapulothoracic joint allows for rotation in the sagittal plane.

False

Which of the following provides stability posteriorly at the glenohumeral joint?

rotator cuff muscles

(T/F) The sternoclavicular joint allows for motion in multiple planes.

True

Which of the following muscles performs lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint?

infraspinatus

(T/F) Movement of the shoulder girdle is dependent on movement of the glenohumeral joint.

FALSE

When the shoulder is laterally rotated, the shoulder girdle is

retracted

(T/F) Exercises performed to strengthen the latissimus dorsi will also typically strengthen the subscapularis.

True