UNIT 4 AP HUMAN GEO STUDY GUIDE

Colonialism

The policy or practice of acquiring political control over another country, settling it with colonists, and exploiting it economically.

Imperialism

The extension of a country's rule over foreign nations through military force or gaining political and economic control.

Nationalism

Loyalty and love for one's country often with a sense of superiority.

Independence movement

Effort to establish a new sovereign state within another state.

Devolution

Transfer of power from a central government to regional governments, sometimes leading to independence.

Neocolonialism

Using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence developing countries.

Territoriality

Connection of people, culture, and economic systems to the land.

Demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Area where military activities are forbidden by treaties or agreements between nations.

Law of the Sea

UN laws defining states' rights and responsibilities in using international waters.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Sea zone where a state has special rights over marine resources up to 200 nautical miles from the coast.

Median-line principle

Equidistant line drawn in water to resolve sea resource access disputes.

Supranationalism

Nation states organizing politically and economically into one alliance for mutual benefits.

Unitary states

Centralized form of government with power concentrated at the top.

Federal states

Governance with dispersed power centers and more localized authority.

Nation

Geographic land that is dominated by a large population that shares a common history and culture

Nation-State

A state whos territory corresponds to that occupied by a paticular ethnic group

Stateless Nation (sovereignty)

Complete control over a territory’s political and military affairs.

Multinational State

State with more than one nation

Multistate Nation

A group of people that share a common characteristic and live in multiple states

Semi-autonomous region

have a moderate degree of self-government and freedom to govern themselvs

autonomous region

have a high degree of self-government and freedom

Relic Boundary

Former boundary that no longer functions

Superimposed Boundary

A boundary forced onto people without considering cultural differences.

Subsequent Boundary

Established after an area has been settled. Drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, and language differences

Antecedent Boundary

Boundaries before humans

Geometric Boundary

Boundary that follows a straight line, often latitude and longitude.

Consequent Boundary

Border drawn to accommodate existing religious, linguistic, and ethnic differences

Irredentism

Cross border political movement, seeks to unify all land in one state

Ethnic Separartsim

occurs when one or more ethnic minorities demand independance

Terroism

the systematic use of violence to intimidate a population (bombings, assassnation

The Scramble for Africa

Europe’s industrialized countries “scrambled” colonize Africa for resources.