[AGE8 00] PRELIM: Lesson 3 Thinking of Ethics

Moral Decision

• It is a choice made based on a person's sense of right and wrong.

• Choosing to return a lost wallet instead of keeping the money inside is an example of a ___.

Moral Judgement

• When a person is an observer, making an assessment on the actions or behavior of someone, he/she is making a ___

• It is deciding whether something is right or wrong based on your personal values and beliefs.

• Believing that lying to a friend is wrong is an example of a ___.

Moral Dilemma

When one is torn between choosing one of two goods or choosing between the lesser of two evils: this is referred to as a ___

study on ethics

A ___ may once in a while involve learning some completely new words, but more often, it will probably involve realizing that what matters is using some familiar and maybe even common terms with greater care and in more strictly defined ways, so that our thinking will be clearer.

Moral duties

These are the responsibilities or obligations people have to act in a certain way, such as being honest, keeping promises, and helping others in need.

Moral virtues

These are positive character traits that guide people to act ethically, such as kindness, courage, and integrity.

Ethics

It refers to standards of conduct, standards that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which themselves are derived from principles of right and wrong.

Moral

___ actions align with principles of right and good behavior, like telling the truth and helping others.

Immoral

• It refers to actions or behaviors that are considered morally wrong or unethical according to societal or personal standards.

• Examples include lying, or intentionally causing harm to others.

Ethical

These actions follow accepted principles of right and good behavior, like respecting others' rights and being fair.

Unethical

These behavior includes actions like cheating on a test, lying to gain advantage, or exploiting others for personal gain.

Acceptable vs Unacceptable

These are terms used to describe the appropriateness, suitability, or adequacy of actions, behaviors, conditions, or outcomes in various contexts.

Acceptable

• It refers to something that is deemed satisfactory, appropriate, or permissible within a given set of standards, rules, or expectations.

• It meets the minimum criteria required for approval or endorsement.

Unacceptable

• It refers to something that is deemed unsatisfactory, inappropriate, or impermissible within a given set of standards, rules, or expectations.

• It fails to meet the minimum criteria required for approval or endorsement.

Fairness

• It means treating everyone equally and impartially, without favoritism or discrimination.

• It is important for building trust, promoting justice, and creating a respectful environment in all aspects of life, from schools and workplaces to communities and sports.

Respect

• It means showing consideration, honor, and regard for others' feelings, rights, and beliefs

• It fosters positive relationships, encourages cooperation, and creates a harmonious environment where people feel valued and understood.

Descriptive Study of Ethics

• It involves examining and understanding ethical principles, behaviors, and dilemmas in various contexts without necessarily making judgments or prescribing what should be done.

• This kind of study is often the work of the social scientist: either a historian (studying different moral standards over time) or a sociologist or an anthropologist (studying different moral standards across cultures).

Normative Study of Ethics

• A ___ of ethics focuses on recommending what actions or behaviors are ethically right or wrong based on principles like fairness, honesty, and respect.

• It aims to provide clear guidelines for making ethical decisions in different situations, such as healthcare or business, by using ethical theories and principles to guide behavior and policies.

Reward

It involves giving something desirable or positive to someone after they have performed a certain behavior or achieved a specific goal.

Punishment

It involves applying something undesirable or negative to someone after they have engaged in a behavior that is unwanted or undesirable.