Topic 9_-_orthopaedic_degenerative

Osteoporosis

A disease in which the bones become fragile and brittle, leading to a lower than normal bone mineral density.

Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

A measurement that indicates the amount of minerals (mainly calcium) in bone, used to diagnose osteoporosis.

T-score

Standard deviations from the normal BMD of a young adult, used to assess bone density.

Paget's disease

A chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and deformed bones due to excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.

Sarcopenia

The loss of muscle mass and strength often associated with aging.

Low-impact aerobic activities

Exercises that are easy on the joints, such as swimming, cycling, and walking.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A systemic disease affecting connective tissues characterized by chronic pain, swelling, and tenderness in joints.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disorder marked by progressive loss of articular cartilage and new bone formation.

Articular cartilage

The smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints.

Isometric exercise

A type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction.

Functional impairment

A decrease in the ability to perform normal activities of daily living due to physical limitations.

Humidity and joint pain

Higher humidity can exacerbate joint pain in individuals with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.

Calcium intake

The amount of calcium consumed, which is essential for maintaining healthy bone density.

Therapeutic intervention

Medical treatments or therapies designed to improve health outcomes.

Joint deformity

An abnormal shape or alignment of a joint that can concentrate stress in a localized area.

Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory drugs that can lead to bone loss if used long-term.

Physical activity

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

Family history

A record of health information about a person and their close relatives, which can indicate increased risk for certain diseases.

Chronic disease

A disease that persists for a long time, often for the rest of a person's life.

Fracture risk

The likelihood of sustaining a bone fracture, which can be influenced by various factors, including osteoporosis.

Exercise rehabilitation

Therapeutic exercises designed to recover strength, flexibility, and mobility in individuals with various health conditions.

Mobility

The ability to move freely and easily, which can be affected by joint diseases.

Weight-bearing activity

Exercises that force you to work against gravity while standing upright, important for maintaining bone health.

Passive stretching

A technique involving an external force to help stretch a muscle beyond its normal range.

Joint swelling

An increase in the size of a joint due to inflammation, typically associated with arthritis.

Vitamin D

A nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium and is essential for maintaining bone health.