Organizational Behavior Chapter 3: Job Attitudes

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering job attitudes, the ABC model, cognitive dissonance, job satisfaction, employee engagement, and responses to dissatisfaction from Chapter 3.

What are attitudes in organizational behavior?

Evaluative statements or judgments—either favorable or unfavorable—about objects, people, or events that reflect how we feel about something.

What are the three components of an attitude as shown in Exhibit 3.1?

The three components are Cognitive (evaluation), Affective (feeling), and Behavioral (action).

What is the cognitive component of an attitude?

The opinion, belief, or evaluation segment of an attitude, such as believing a supervisor is unfair.

What is the affective component of an attitude?

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude, such as disliking a supervisor.

What is the behavioral component of an attitude?

An intention to behave in a specific way toward someone or something, such as looking for another job or complaining about a supervisor.

What four factors influence attitude formation?

Experience, social roles & norms, classical & operant conditioning, and observing people in the environment.

What is cognitive dissonance?

Any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

How does the cognitive dissonance process function when an inconsistency occurs between action and belief?

An inconsistency creates dissonance, which leads to dissonance reduction by changing belief, changing action, or changing the perception of the action.

What three factors affect a person's desire to reduce cognitive dissonance?

The importance of the elements creating it, the degree of perceived control or influence over them, and the rewards involved.

What moderating variables strengthen the relationship between attitudes and behavior?

Attitude's importance, correspondence to behavior, accessibility, presence of social pressures, and having direct personal experience with the attitude.

What is organizational identification?

The extent to which employees define themselves by the same characteristics that define their organization.

What is psychological empowerment?

Employees' belief in the degree of influence over their job, competence, job meaningfulness, and autonomy.

What is organizational commitment and what are its three aspects?

Identifying with a particular organization and its goals while wishing to maintain membership. Its three aspects are Continuance (lack of alternatives), Normative (obligation/values), and Affective commitment.

Which aspect of organizational commitment is the strongest predictor of organizational behaviors?

Affective commitment, which strongly predicts turnover, retention, attendance, performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

What is Perceived Organizational Support (POS)?

The degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

What is employee engagement?

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work they perform.

What are the top 8 drivers of employee engagement identified by QuestionPro?

Employee rewards, employee wellness, empowered employees, workplace culture, career growth, brand alignment, workforce data, and social relations.

What two popular approaches are used to measure job satisfaction?

The single global rating approach and the summation of job facets approach.

What are the three main causes of job satisfaction?

Job conditions (intrinsic work nature, social interactions, supervision), personality and individual differences (core self-evaluations), and pay.

How do core self-evaluations (CSE) impact job satisfaction?

People with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence, making them more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations.

According to Pew Research, what is the top major reason workers give for dissatisfaction with their pay?

Their pay has not kept up with increases in the cost of living (cited by 80% of dissatisfied workers).

What are four key outcomes of job satisfaction in the workplace?

Higher job performance, increased organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), higher customer satisfaction, and greater life satisfaction.

According to Exhibit 3.5, how are employee responses to job dissatisfaction categorized?

They are categorized along Active/Passive and Constructive/Destructive dimensions into Voice (Active, Constructive), Exit (Active, Destructive), Loyalty (Passive, Constructive), and Neglect (Passive, Destructive).

What is Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) and how is it structured?

CWB refers to actions that actively harm the organization or its members. It is divided into Interpersonal Deviance (harassment, gossip, verbal abuse, fighting) and Organizational Deviance (property deviance, production deviance, work withdrawal).

Which job attitude serves as the best single predictor of employee behavior for managers?

An employee's job satisfaction level.